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Jeremiah 36

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And it came to pass in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, that this word came unto Jeremiah from the Lord, saying,

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Take thee a roll of a book, and write therein all the words that I have spoken unto thee against Israel, and against Judah, and against all the nations, from the day I spake unto thee, from the days of Josiah, even unto this day.

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It may be that the house of Judah will hear all the evil which I purpose to do unto them; that they may return every man from his evil way; that I may forgive their iniquity and their sin.

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Then Jeremiah called Baruch the son of Neriah: and Baruch wrote from the mouth of Jeremiah all the words of the Lord, which he had spoken unto him, upon a roll of a book.

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And Jeremiah commanded Baruch, saying, I am shut up; I cannot go into the house of the Lord:

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Therefore go thou, and read in the roll, which thou hast written from my mouth, the words of the Lord in the ears of the people in the Lord’s house upon the fasting day: and also thou shalt read them in the ears of all Judah that come out of their cities.

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It may be they will present their supplication before the Lord, and will return every one from his evil way: for great is the anger and the fury that the Lord hath pronounced against this people.

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And Baruch the son of Neriah did according to all that Jeremiah the prophet commanded him, reading in the book the words of the Lord in the Lord’s house.

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And it came to pass in the fifth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, in the ninth month, that they proclaimed a fast before the Lord to all the people in Jerusalem, and to all the people that came from the cities of Judah unto Jerusalem.

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Then read Baruch in the book the words of Jeremiah in the house of the Lord, in the chamber of Gemariah the son of Shaphan the scribe, in the higher court, at the entry of the new gate of the Lord’s house, in the ears of all the people.

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When Michaiah the son of Gemariah, the son of Shaphan, had heard out of the book all the words of the Lord,

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Then he went down into the king’s house, into the scribe’s chamber: and, lo, all the princes sat there, even Elishama the scribe, and Delaiah the son of Shemaiah, and Elnathan the son of Achbor, and Gemariah the son of Shaphan, and Zedekiah the son of Hananiah, and all the princes.

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Then Michaiah declared unto them all the words that he had heard, when Baruch read the book in the ears of the people.

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Therefore all the princes sent Jehudi the son of Nethaniah, the son of Shelemiah, the son of Cushi, unto Baruch, saying, Take in thine hand the roll wherein thou hast read in the ears of the people, and come. So Baruch the son of Neriah took the roll in his hand, and came unto them.

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And they said unto him, Sit down now, and read it in our ears. So Baruch read it in their ears.

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Now it came to pass, when they had heard all the words, they were afraid both one and other, and said unto Baruch, We will surely tell the king of all these words.

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And they asked Baruch, saying, Tell us now, How didst thou write all these words at his mouth?

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Then Baruch answered them, He pronounced all these words unto me with his mouth, and I wrote them with ink in the book.

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Then said the princes unto Baruch, Go, hide thee, thou and Jeremiah; and let no man know where ye be.

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And they went in to the king into the court, but they laid up the roll in the chamber of Elishama the scribe, and told all the words in the ears of the king.

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So the king sent Jehudi to fetch the roll: and he took it out of Elishama the scribe’s chamber. And Jehudi read it in the ears of the king, and in the ears of all the princes which stood beside the king.

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Now the king sat in the winterhouse in the ninth month: and there was a fire on the hearth burning before him.

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And it came to pass, that when Jehudi had read three or four leaves, he cut it with the penknife, and cast it into the fire that was on the hearth, until all the roll was consumed in the fire that was on the hearth.

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Yet they were not afraid, nor rent their garments, neither the king, nor any of his servants that heard all these words.

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Nevertheless Elnathan and Delaiah and Gemariah had made intercession to the king that he would not burn the roll: but he would not hear them.

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But the king commanded Jerahmeel the son of Hammelech, and Seraiah the son of Azriel, and Shelemiah the son of Abdeel, to take Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet: but the Lord hid them.

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Then the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah, after that the king had burned the roll, and the words which Baruch wrote at the mouth of Jeremiah, saying,

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Take thee again another roll, and write in it all the former words that were in the first roll, which Jehoiakim the king of Judah hath burned.

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And thou shalt say to Jehoiakim king of Judah, Thus saith the Lord; Thou hast burned this roll, saying, Why hast thou written therein, saying, The king of Babylon shall certainly come and destroy this land, and shall cause to cease from thence man and beast?

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Therefore thus saith the Lord of Jehoiakim king of Judah; He shall have none to sit upon the throne of David: and his dead body shall be cast out in the day to the heat, and in the night to the frost.

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And I will punish him and his seed and his servants for their iniquity; and I will bring upon them, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and upon the men of Judah, all the evil that I have pronounced against them; but they hearkened not.

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Then took Jeremiah another roll, and gave it to Baruch the scribe, the son of Neriah; who wrote therein from the mouth of Jeremiah all the words of the book which Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire: and there were added besides unto them many like words.

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Jeremiah 36

King Jehoiakim's court official Baruch records Jeremiah's spoken oracles on a scroll at the prophet's dictation, and when the scroll is read before the king, Jehoiakim repeatedly cuts off sections and burns them, demonstrating how power resists prophetic truth and attempts to destroy the word by literal destruction of the physical scroll. YHWH instructs Jeremiah and Baruch to make another scroll with the same words plus additional oracles, establishing that divine word cannot be destroyed through physical elimination—the prophetic message survives and is reconstituted despite institutional attempts to suppress it. The episode establishes the literary history of Jeremiah's oracles: they are not merely oral utterances but are preserved through written documentation, and Baruch's role as scribe becomes foundational to how the prophetic word reaches future generations who will receive the words the king rejected. Jehoiakim's burning of the scroll is interpreted as rebellion against YHWH, and the king receives judgment that his body will be cast out unburied and his dynasty will not endure on the Davidic throne, illustrating how rejection of prophetic word has political and dynastic consequences. This chapter demonstrates the power of written word to transcend institutional resistance and reach audiences beyond the immediate context of its utterance, establishing that the book of Jeremiah exists partly as testimony to how the prophetic word survives even when rulers attempt its destruction.

Jeremiah 36:1

The superscription: 'In the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, this word came to Jeremiah.' This dates the events to 605 BCE. The word of the LORD comes to Jeremiah to be written and preserved. Prophecy, when preserved in writing, becomes transmissible across time.

Jeremiah 36:2

God commands: 'Take a scroll and write on it all the words that I have spoken to you.' The comprehensive nature of the record suggests a complete prophetic archive. Prophetic words, accumulated over time, form a coherent testimony to God's purposes.

Jeremiah 36:3

The purpose is stated: 'It may be that the house of Judah will hear all the disaster that I intend to do to them, so that every one may turn from his evil way.' Writing the prophecies aims at repentance and forgiveness. Judgment is not inevitable if the people respond.

Jeremiah 36:4

The execution: 'Then Jeremiah called Baruch the son of Neriah, and Baruch wrote on a scroll all the words of the LORD.' Baruch, as the prophet's amanuensis, transcribes Jeremiah's dictation. Writing makes the word permanent.

Jeremiah 36:5

The constraint: 'And Jeremiah ordered Baruch, saying, "I am prevented from going to the house of the LORD."' Jeremiah's imprisonment or restriction prevents him from public reading. Baruch must serve as his voice.

Jeremiah 36:6

The instruction continues: '"Perhaps their supplication will come before the LORD, and every one will turn from his evil way."' The public reading during a fast is meant to prompt repentance. Prophetic words read in context of prayer create the possibility of spiritual transformation.

Jeremiah 36:7

Baruch's execution: 'Baruch the son of Neriah did all that Jeremiah the prophet ordered him to do, reading from the scroll.' The faithful carrying out of the prophetic instruction demonstrates Baruch's commitment. The preservation of prophecy depends on faithful servants.

Jeremiah 36:8

The context: 'In the fifth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, in the ninth month, a fast was proclaimed.' The fast provides the occasion for public reading. God works within existing religious institutions.

Jeremiah 36:9

The reading takes place: 'And Baruch read from the scroll the words of Jeremiah in the house of the LORD.' The public, accessible location ensures the maximum audience. Prophetic words should be openly proclaimed.

Jeremiah 36:10

The narrative detail: 'When Micaiah the son of Gemariah, son of Shaphan, heard all the words of the LORD from the scroll,' identifies a key listener. Micaiah's attentiveness to the word sets up his role in transmitting it further.

Jeremiah 36:11

Micaiah goes to 'the secretary's house, where all the officials were sitting.' The word travels from the temple to the seat of power. Official circles become aware of the prophecy.

Jeremiah 36:12

The officials include 'Elishama the secretary, Delaiah the son of Shemaiah, Elnathan the son of Achbor.' The listing of names emphasizes that the word reaches specific, identifiable persons. Prophecy addresses actual people in actual positions of power.

Jeremiah 36:13

Micaiah 'told all the words that he had heard.' The transmission of the word demonstrates its power to move between venues. God's word cannot be confined.

Jeremiah 36:14

The officials' response: 'Then all the officials sent Jehudi the son of Nethaniah to Baruch, saying, "Come."' The officials' summons indicates they take the word seriously. Those in power must reckon with prophetic words.

Jeremiah 36:15

The officials' instruction: '"Sit down now and read it in our ears." So Baruch read it in their ears.' The officials command a formal reading, placing themselves as judges of the word. Prophecy must be heard and evaluated by those with responsibility.

Jeremiah 36:16

The reaction: 'When they heard all the words, they turned to one another in fear and said to Baruch, "We must report all these words to the king."' The officials' fear indicates the seriousness of the prophecy. Genuine prophecy evokes fear.

Jeremiah 36:17

They questioned Baruch: '"Tell us now, How did you write all these words? Was it at his dictation?"' The officials seek to establish the source and authenticity of the words.

Jeremiah 36:18

Baruch's response: '"Jeremiah dictated all these words to me, and I wrote them with ink on the scroll."' The clear attribution to Jeremiah establishes the prophecy's source. Written prophecy requires clear attribution.

Jeremiah 36:19

The officials warn Baruch: '"Go and hide, you and Jeremiah, and let no one know where you are."' The officials' protective action indicates that they recognize the danger. Those who protect God's word may themselves face danger.

Jeremiah 36:20

The narrative: 'Then they went into the court to the king, but they had deposited the scroll in the chamber of Elishama.' The officials protect the scroll even as they report to the king. The physical preservation of God's word is a sacred trust.

Jeremiah 36:21

The king's summons: 'And the king sent Jehudi to fetch the scroll...And Jehudi read it in the ears of the king.' The king hears the word through his official servant. The king himself must hear God's word.

Jeremiah 36:22

The setting: 'Now the king was sitting in the winter house in the ninth month, with a fire burning in the brazier.' The comfort of the royal setting contrasts with the harsh content of the prophecy. Judgment reaches even the comfortable and powerful.

Jeremiah 36:23

The king's response: 'As Jehudi read three or four columns, the king cut them off with a penknife and cast them into the fire.' Jehoiakim's destruction represents his rejection of the word. The king's act is blasphemous.

Jeremiah 36:24

The reaction: 'Yet neither the king nor any of his servants who heard all these words was afraid.' The expected signs of penitence do not occur. Even when confronted directly with God's word, the stubborn heart can remain unmoved.

Jeremiah 36:25

The detail: 'Elnathan and Delaiah and Gemariah urged the king not to burn the scroll.' Some officials attempted to restrain the king. Not all in power are impervious to the word.

Jeremiah 36:26

The consequence: 'And the king commanded Jerahmeel the son of the king and Seraiah the son of Azriel to seize Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet, but the LORD hid them.' The king's attempt to silence the prophet is thwarted by God's protection.

Jeremiah 36:27

God's word came again to Jeremiah: 'After the king had burned the scroll...the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah.' The destruction of the scroll does not silence the word.

Jeremiah 36:28

God commands: '"Take another scroll and write on it all the former words that were in the first scroll."' Jeremiah is commanded to rewrite the scroll. God's word is indestructible.

Jeremiah 36:29

The additional word: '"And concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah you shall say, Thus says the LORD, You have burned this scroll."' The king's burning of the scroll becomes itself a matter of prophecy. Opposition to God's word is itself noted and judged.

Jeremiah 36:30

The judgment: '"Therefore thus says the LORD concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah: He shall have none to sit upon the throne of David."' Jehoiakim's specific judgment includes the end of his line. Opposition to God's word incurs severe judgment.

Jeremiah 36:31

The broader judgment: '"And I will punish him and his offspring and his servants for their iniquity."' The judgment extends to the king's family and nation. Rejection of prophecy results in judgment at multiple levels.

Jeremiah 36:32

The fulfillment: 'Then Jeremiah took another scroll and gave it to Baruch the scribe...And many similar words were added to them.' The rewritten scroll preserves the original content and includes additional material. God's word survives and even multiplies through opposition.