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Jeremiah 51

Thus says the LORD: “Behold, I will stir up the spirit of a destroyer against Babylon, against the inhabitants of Leb-kamai,

and I will send to Babylon winnowers, and they shall winnow her, and they shall empty her land, when they come against her from every side on the day of trouble.

Let not the archer bend his bow, and let him not stand up in his armor. Spare not her young men; devote to destruction all her army.

They shall fall down slain in the land of the Chaldeans, and wounded in her streets.

For Israel and Judah have not been forsaken by their God, the LORD of hosts, but the land of the Chaldeans is full of guilt against the Holy One of Israel.

“Flee from the midst of Babylon; let every one save his life! Be not cut off in her punishment, for this is the time of the LORD’s vengeance, the repayment he is rendering her.

Babylon was a golden cup in the LORD’s hand, making all the earth drunken; the nations drank of her wine; therefore the nations went mad.

Suddenly Babylon has fallen and been broken; wail for her! Take balm for her pain; perhaps she may be healed.

We would have healed Babylon, but she was not healed. Forsake her, and let us go each to his own country, for her judgment has reached up to heaven and has been lifted up even to the skies.

The LORD has brought about our vindication; come, let us declare in Zion the work of the LORD our God.

“Sharpen the arrows! Take up the shields! The LORD has stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes, because his purpose concerning Babylon is to destroy it, for that is the vengeance of the LORD, the vengeance for his temple.

“Set up a standard against the walls of Babylon; make the watch strong; set up watchmen; prepare the ambushes; for the LORD has both planned and done what he spoke concerning the inhabitants of Babylon.

O you who dwell by many waters, rich in treasures, your end has come; the thread of your life is cut.

The LORD of hosts has sworn by himself: Surely I will fill you with men, as many as locusts, and they shall raise the shout of victory over you.

“It is he who made the earth by his power, who established the world by his wisdom, and by his understanding stretched out the heavens.

When he utters his voice there is a tumult of waters in the heavens, and he makes the mist rise from the ends of the earth. He makes lightning for the rain, and he brings forth the wind from his storehouses.

Every man is stupid and without knowledge; every goldsmith is put to shame by his idols, for his images are false, and there is no breath in them.

They are worthless, a work of delusion; at the time of their punishment they shall perish.

Not like these is he who is the portion of Jacob, for he is the one who formed all things, and Israel is the tribe of his inheritance; the LORD of hosts is his name.

“You are my hammer and weapon of war: with you I break nations in pieces; with you I destroy kingdoms;

with you I break in pieces the horse and his rider; with you I break in pieces the chariot and the charioteer;

with you I break in pieces man and woman; with you I break in pieces the old man and the youth; with you I break in pieces the young man and the young woman;

with you I break in pieces the shepherd and his flock; with you I break in pieces the farmer and his team; with you I break in pieces governors and commanders.

“I will repay Babylon and all the inhabitants of Chaldea before your very eyes for all the evil that they have done in Zion, declares the LORD.

“Behold, I am against you, O destroying mountain, declares the LORD, which destroys the whole earth; I will stretch out my hand against you, and roll you down from the crags, and make you a burnt mountain.

No stone shall be taken from you for a corner and no stone for a foundation, but you shall be a perpetual waste, declares the LORD.

“Set up a standard on the earth; blow the trumpet among the nations; prepare the nations for war against her; summon against her the kingdoms, Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz; appoint a marshal against her; bring up horses like bristling locusts.

Prepare the nations for war against her, the kings of the Medes, with their governors and deputies, and every land under their dominion.

The land trembles and writhes in pain, for the LORD’s purposes against Babylon stand, to make the land of Babylon a desolation, without inhabitant.

The warriors of Babylon have ceased fighting; they remain in their strongholds; their strength has failed; they have become women; her dwellings are on fire; her bars are broken.

One runner runs to meet another, and one messenger to meet another, to tell the king of Babylon that his city is taken on every side;

the fords have been seized, the marshes are burned with fire, and the soldiers are in panic.

For thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: The daughter of Babylon is like a threshing floor at the time when it is trodden; yet a little while and the time of her harvest will come.”

“Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon has devoured me; he has crushed me; he has made me an empty vessel; he has swallowed me like a monster; he has filled his stomach with my delicacies; he has rinsed me out.

The violence done to me and to my kinsmen be upon Babylon,” let the inhabitant of Zion say. “My blood be upon the inhabitants of Chaldea,” let Jerusalem say.

Therefore thus says the LORD: “Behold, I will plead your cause and take vengeance for you. I will dry up her sea and make her fountain dry,

and Babylon shall become a heap of ruins, the haunt of jackals, a horror and a hissing, without inhabitant.

“They shall roar together like lions; they shall growl like lions’ cubs.

While they are inflamed I will prepare them a feast and make them drunk, that they may become merry, then sleep a perpetual sleep and not wake, declares the LORD.

I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams and male goats.

“How Babylon is taken, the praise of the whole earth seized! How Babylon has become a horror among the nations!

The sea has come up on Babylon; she is covered with its tumultuous waves.

Her cities have become a horror, a land of drought and a desert, a land in which no one dwells, and through which no son of man passes.

And I will punish Bel in Babylon, and take out of his mouth what he has swallowed. The nations shall no longer flow to him; the wall of Babylon has fallen.

“Go out of the midst of her, my people! Let every one save his life from the fierce anger of the LORD!

Let not your heart faint, and be not fearful at the report heard in the land, when a report comes in one year and afterward a report in another year, and violence is in the land, and ruler is against ruler.

“Therefore, behold, the days are coming when I will punish the images of Babylon; her whole land shall be put to shame, and all her slain shall fall in the midst of her.

Then the heavens and the earth, and all that is in them, shall sing for joy over Babylon, for the destroyers shall come against them out of the north, declares the LORD.

Babylon must fall for the slain of Israel, just as for Babylon have fallen the slain of all the earth.

“You who have escaped from the sword, go, do not stand still! Remember the LORD from far away, and let Jerusalem come into your mind:

‘We are put to shame, for we have heard reproach; dishonor has covered our face, for foreigners have come into the holy places of the LORD’s house.’

“Therefore, behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will execute judgment upon her images, and through all her land the wounded shall groan.

Though Babylon should mount up to heaven, and though she should fortify her strong height, yet destroyers would come from me against her, declares the LORD.

“A voice! A cry from Babylon! The noise of great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans!

For the LORD is laying Babylon waste and stilling her mighty voice. Their waves roar like many waters; the noise of their voice is raised,

for a destroyer has come upon her, upon Babylon; her warriors are taken; their bows are broken in pieces, for the LORD is a God of recompense; he will surely repay.

I will make drunk her officials and her wise men, her governors, her commanders, and her warriors; they shall sleep a perpetual sleep and not wake, declares the King, whose name is the LORD of hosts.

“Thus says the LORD of hosts: The broad wall of Babylon shall be leveled to the ground, and her high gates shall be burned with fire. The peoples labor for nothing, and the nations weary themselves only for fire.”

The word that Jeremiah the prophet commanded Seraiah the son of Neriah, son of Mahseiah, when he went with Zedekiah king of Judah to Babylon, in the fourth year of his reign. Seraiah was the quartermaster.

Jeremiah wrote in a book all the disaster that should come upon Babylon, all these words that are written concerning Babylon.

And Jeremiah said to Seraiah: “When you come to Babylon, see that you read all these words,

and say, ‘O LORD, you have said concerning this place that you will cut it off, so that nothing shall dwell in it, neither man nor beast, and it shall be desolate forever.’

When you finish reading this book, tie a stone to it and cast it into the midst of the Euphrates,

and say, ‘Thus shall Babylon sink, to rise no more, because of the disaster that I am bringing upon her, and they shall become exhausted.’” Thus far are the words of Jeremiah.

Scripture quotations marked “ESV” are from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), © 2001 by Crossway. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

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Jeremiah 51

The great oracle against Babylon continues with extended description of the empire's coming destruction through invading armies that will thoroughly devastate the city and its institutions, establishing that Babylon's destruction will be as comprehensive as the destruction Babylon inflicted on other nations, including Judah. The oracle emphasizes that Babylon's destruction serves the liberation of Israel: as Babylon falls, Israel will be freed from exile and will return to rebuild the temple and restore covenantal worship, establishing that Babylon's judgment is instrumentally necessary for Israel's restoration. The chapter's emphasis on the tower/wall of Babylon and the complete destruction of the city suggests that Babylon's proud civilization, like Judah's before it, will be thoroughly undone because nations that exalt themselves above YHWH necessarily face judgment, while those that acknowledge YHWH's sovereignty receive restoration. The oracle's final verse states that the word of YHWH spoken through Jeremiah will be written in a book that will be read and remembered, establishing that the prophecies—far from being merely for the contemporary moment—are meant for perpetual remembrance and application across generations.

Jeremiah 51:35

The violence done to me and to my flesh be upon Babylon; my blood be upon Chaldea. The appeal for retribution emphasizes justice.

Jeremiah 51:37

Babylon shall become a heap of ruins, a den of jackals, object of horror. The transformation emphasizes complete destruction.

Jeremiah 51:38

Together they shall roar like lions; they shall growl like lions' whelps. The image suggests ferocity despite weakness.

Jeremiah 51:39

When they are heated, I will make them drunk; they shall sleep a perpetual sleep. The intoxication suggests death.

Jeremiah 51:40

I will bring them down like lambs to slaughter, like rams and goats. The animal imagery emphasizes helplessness.

Jeremiah 51:41

How Sheshak is taken, the praise of the whole earth seized! The cryptogram name emphasizes significance of fall.

Jeremiah 51:42

The sea has risen over Babylon; she is covered by the tumult of its waves. The metaphor represents overwhelming destruction.

Jeremiah 51:43

Her cities have become an object of horror, a land of drought and desert. The transformation emphasizes barrenness.

Jeremiah 51:44

I will punish Bel in Babylon; I will make him disgorge what he has swallowed. The targeting of gods emphasizes spiritual judgment.

Jeremiah 51:45

Come out of her, my people! Run for your lives from the fierce anger of the LORD! The command emphasizes call to separation.

Jeremiah 51:46

Do not lose heart at the report heard in the land; violence is in the land. The reassurance suggests signs validate the prophecy.

Jeremiah 51:47

The days are surely coming when I will punish the idols of Babylon. The promise extends judgment to religious foundations.

Jeremiah 51:48

The heavens and the earth shall sing for joy over Babylon; destroyers shall come. The cosmic celebration emphasizes universal dimension.

Jeremiah 51:49

Babylon must fall for the slain of Israel; the slain of all the earth have fallen. The causal relationship establishes accountability.

Jeremiah 51:50

You survivors of the sword, go; remember the LORD in a distant land. The instruction emphasizes spiritual dimension of survival.

Jeremiah 51:51

We are put to shame; we have heard taunts; confusion has covered our faces. The acknowledgment establishes basis for judgment.

Jeremiah 51:52

The days are surely coming when I will punish her idols; the wounded shall groan. The promise extends to spiritual judgment.

Jeremiah 51:53

Although Babylon should mount up to heaven, I will send destroyers upon her. The hyperbolic image emphasizes futility of resistance.

Jeremiah 51:54

Listen!—a cry from Babylon! A great crashing from the land of the Chaldeans! The auditory image emphasizes sensory impact.

Jeremiah 51:55

The LORD is laying Babylon waste and stilling her loud voice. The contrast represents reversal.

Jeremiah 51:56

A destroyer has come upon her; her warriors are taken; their bows are broken. The explicit naming emphasizes certainty.

Jeremiah 51:57

I will make drunk her officials and wise men; they shall sleep a perpetual sleep. The intoxication represents death.

Jeremiah 51:58

The broad wall of Babylon shall be leveled; her high gates shall be burned with fire. The destruction represents elimination of defenses.

Jeremiah 51:59

Jeremiah commanded Seraiah when he went with King Zedekiah to Babylon. The historical notice provides context for symbolic action.

Jeremiah 51:60

Jeremiah wrote on a scroll all the evil that should come upon Babylon. The inscription emphasizes permanence and authority.

Jeremiah 51:61

Jeremiah said to Seraiah: When you come to Babylon, read all these words. The instruction establishes act of proclamation.

Jeremiah 51:62

Say: O LORD, you have threatened to destroy this place; nothing shall live here. The invocation emphasizes divine commitment.

Jeremiah 51:63

When you finish reading this scroll, tie a stone to it and throw it into the Euphrates. The symbolic action emphasizes permanence.

Jeremiah 51:64

Thus Babylon shall sink to rise no more; the formula concludes: Thus far are the oracles of Jeremiah. The finality concludes the oracles against nations.

Jeremiah 51:34

Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon has devoured me; he has crushed me. Israel addresses herself, recounting devouring by Nebuchadrezzar.

Jeremiah 51:36

I am going to defend your cause and take vengeance; I will dry up her sea. The promise establishes divine commitment to justice.

Jeremiah 51:3

Let not the archer bend his bow; do not spare her young men; utterly destroy. The command emphasizes destruction without mercy.

Jeremiah 51:4

The slain shall fall in the land of the Chaldeans; the wounded in her streets. The specification emphasizes judgment reaches heartland.

Jeremiah 51:5

Israel and Judah have not been forsaken by their God though their land is full of guilt. The affirmation establishes continued divine relationship.

Jeremiah 51:6

Flee from the midst of Babylon; save your lives! This is the time of the LORD's vengeance. The command addresses both survivors and aliens.

Jeremiah 51:7

Babylon was a golden cup making all the earth drunken; nations drank her wine. The image presents Babylon as God's instrument of judgment.

Jeremiah 51:8

Suddenly Babylon has fallen and been broken; wail for her! The sudden fall emphasizes speed of collapse.

Jeremiah 51:9

We tried to heal Babylon, but she could not be healed; let each go to his country. The failed healing suggests hopelessness.

Jeremiah 51:10

The LORD has brought forth our vindication; the work of the LORD our God in Zion! The affirmation establishes divine justice.

Jeremiah 51:11

Sharpen the arrows! The LORD has stirred up the spirit of the Medes; this is vengeance for his temple. The vengeance is explicitly for the temple.

Jeremiah 51:12

Raise a standard against the walls of Babylon; the LORD has both planned and done. The affirmation emphasizes fulfillment of prophecy.

Jeremiah 51:13

You who dwell by many waters, rich in treasures, your end has come; your life thread is cut. The characterization emphasizes vulnerable prosperity.

Jeremiah 51:14

The LORD of hosts has sworn by himself: I will fill you with troops like swarms of locusts. The oath emphasizes certainty.

Jeremiah 51:15

It is he who made the earth by his power and established the world by his wisdom. The affirmation grounds judgment in divine creative power.

Jeremiah 51:16

When he utters his voice there is a tumult of waters; he makes lightning for the rain. The description emphasizes cosmic power.

Jeremiah 51:17

Every man is stupid without knowledge; every goldsmith is put to shame by his idols. The condemnation extends to idolatry.

Jeremiah 51:18

They are worthless, a work of delusion; in the time of their punishment they shall perish. The judgment on idols establishes their futility.

Jeremiah 51:19

Not like these is the portion of Jacob; Israel is the tribe of his inheritance. The contrast establishes superiority of authentic relationship.

Jeremiah 51:20

You are my war club, my weapon of war; with you I smash nations. The address establishes instrumentality of divine judgment.

Jeremiah 51:21

With you I smash the horse and his rider; with you I smash the chariot. The continued enumeration emphasizes military targets.

Jeremiah 51:22

With you I smash man and woman; with you I smash old and young. The enumeration represents totality of affected population.

Jeremiah 51:23

With you I smash the shepherd and his flock; with you I smash the farmer and his team. The enumeration extends to civilians.

Jeremiah 51:24

I will repay Babylon and all inhabitants of Chaldea before your very eyes. The explicit statement of retribution provides closure.

Jeremiah 51:25

I am against you, O destroying mountain; I will make you a burned-out mountain. The characterization represents complete reversal.

Jeremiah 51:26

No stone from you shall be taken for a corner; you shall be perpetual waste. The completeness of destruction suggests no reuse.

Jeremiah 51:27

Raise a standard in the land; blow the trumpet among the nations; summon the kingdoms. The public announcement emphasizes universal dimension.

Jeremiah 51:28

Prepare the nations for war against her; kings of the Medes with their governors. The enumeration emphasizes coordination.

Jeremiah 51:29

The land trembles and writhes; the LORD's purposes stand firm. The cosmic dimensions emphasize unchangeability.

Jeremiah 51:30

The warriors of Babylon have given up fighting; they remain in strongholds; their strength has failed. The loss of spirit indicates psychological collapse.

Jeremiah 51:31

One runner runs to meet another; one messenger to meet another; his city is taken. The rapid succession emphasizes speed of collapse.

Jeremiah 51:32

The fords have been seized; marshes have been burned; soldiers are in panic. The destruction of barriers indicates loss of defenses.

Jeremiah 51:33

The daughter Babylon is like a threshing floor at the time when it is trodden. The metaphor emphasizes destruction of substance.

Jeremiah 51:1

I am going to stir up a destroying wind against Babylon. The wind metaphor represents military invasion.

Jeremiah 51:2

I will send winnowers to Babylon; they shall winnow her and empty her land. The image represents scattering of population.