Through him all things have been made; without him nothing has been made that has been made — here John moves from the Logos' identity to cosmic function, attributing creation itself to Jesus. This directly challenges both pagan cosmologies and Gnostic emanations, affirming that the material world's creator is the same person who will become incarnate. The repetition of "nothing...nothing" forms an inclusio emphasizing totality; all being depends on the Word. The use of "made" (egeneto, "came to be") distinguishes created things from the eternal Word, maintaining both the Logos' divinity and the genuine createdness of all else.

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