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Jeremiah 38

Now Shephatiah the son of Mattan, Gedaliah the son of Pashhur, Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashhur the son of Malchiah heard the words that Jeremiah was saying to all the people:

“Thus says the LORD: He who stays in this city shall die by the sword, by famine, and by pestilence, but he who goes out to the Chaldeans shall live. He shall have his life as a prize of war, and live.

Thus says the LORD: This city shall surely be given into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon and be taken.”

Then the officials said to the king, “Let this man be put to death, for he is weakening the hands of the soldiers who are left in this city, and the hands of all the people, by speaking such words to them. For this man is not seeking the welfare of this people, but their harm.”

King Zedekiah said, “Behold, he is in your hands, for the king can do nothing against you.”

So they took Jeremiah and cast him into the cistern of Malchiah, the king’s son, which was in the court of the guard, letting Jeremiah down by ropes. And there was no water in the cistern, but only mud, and Jeremiah sank in the mud.

When Ebed-melech the Ethiopian, a eunuch who was in the king’s house, heard that they had put Jeremiah into the cistern—the king was sitting in the Benjamin Gate—

Ebed-melech went from the king’s house and said to the king,

“My lord the king, these men have done evil in all that they did to Jeremiah the prophet by casting him into the cistern, and he will die there of hunger, for there is no bread left in the city.”

Then the king commanded Ebed-melech the Ethiopian, “Take thirty men with you from here, and lift Jeremiah the prophet out of the cistern before he dies.”

So Ebed-melech took the men with him and went to the house of the king, to a wardrobe in the storehouse, and took from there old rags and worn-out clothes, which he let down to Jeremiah in the cistern by ropes.

Then Ebed-melech the Ethiopian said to Jeremiah, “Put the rags and clothes between your armpits and the ropes.” Jeremiah did so.

Then they drew Jeremiah up with ropes and lifted him out of the cistern. And Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard.

King Zedekiah sent for Jeremiah the prophet and received him at the third entrance of the temple of the LORD. The king said to Jeremiah, “I will ask you a question; hide nothing from me.”

Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, “If I tell you, will you not surely put me to death? And if I give you counsel, you will not listen to me.”

Then King Zedekiah swore secretly to Jeremiah, “As the LORD lives, who made our souls, I will not put you to death or deliver you into the hand of these men who seek your life.”

Then Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, “Thus says the LORD, the God of hosts, the God of Israel: If you will surrender to the officials of the king of Babylon, then your life shall be spared, and this city shall not be burned with fire, and you and your house shall live.

But if you do not surrender to the officials of the king of Babylon, then this city shall be given into the hand of the Chaldeans, and they shall burn it with fire, and you shall not escape from their hand.”

King Zedekiah said to Jeremiah, “I am afraid of the Judeans who have deserted to the Chaldeans, lest I be handed over to them and they deal cruelly with me.”

Jeremiah said, “You shall not be given to them. Obey now the voice of the LORD in what I say to you, and it shall be well with you, and your life shall be spared.

But if you refuse to surrender, this is the vision which the LORD has shown to me:

Behold, all the women left in the house of the king of Judah were being led out to the officials of the king of Babylon and were saying, “‘Your trusted friends have deceived you and prevailed against you; now that your feet are sunk in the mud, they turn away from you.’

All your wives and your sons shall be led out to the Chaldeans, and you yourself shall not escape from their hand, but shall be seized by the king of Babylon, and this city shall be burned with fire.”

Then Zedekiah said to Jeremiah, “Let no one know of these words, and you shall not die.

If the officials hear that I have spoken with you and come to you and say to you, ‘Tell us what you said to the king and what the king said to you; hide nothing from us and we will not put you to death,’

then you shall say to them, ‘I made a humble plea to the king that he would not send me back to the house of Jonathan to die there.’”

Then all the officials came to Jeremiah and asked him, and he answered them as the king had instructed him. So they stopped speaking with him, for the conversation had not been overheard.

And Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard until the day that Jerusalem was taken.

Scripture quotations marked “ESV” are from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), © 2001 by Crossway. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

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Jeremiah 38

Jeremiah is thrown into a cistern-dungeon as punishment for continuing to announce that the city will be captured, while the officials demand the prophet's death because his words are sapping the military morale necessary for siege resistance, establishing that prophetic truth-telling is existentially threatening to institutions requiring deceptive optimism to function. Ebed-melech, a foreign court official, petitions King Zedekiah for mercy and rescues Jeremiah from the cistern, demonstrating that even within the doomed institution, individual consciences recognize the injustice of imprisoning the prophet and respond to divine truth. Jeremiah again counsels surrender to the Babylonians as the only path to survival, yet when Zedekiah refuses, the prophet promises that if the king submits, his life will be spared and his household saved, establishing that even to the last moment, YHWH offers conditional mercy while maintaining that judgment will fall on those who resist. The chapter's placement of a foreigner (Ebed-melech) as the savior of the Judahite prophet suggests the irony that those outside the covenant community recognize the prophet's worth while those within the covenant attempt to destroy him, illustrating how institutional apostasy extends even to hostility toward those who bear divine truth.

Jeremiah 38:22

The description: '"All your wives and your sons shall be led out to the Chaldeans, and you yourself shall not escape from their hand."' Total defeat and loss of family accompany the capture. Judgment extends to all relationships.

Jeremiah 38:23

Jeremiah's final warning: '"Then Zedekiah said to Jeremiah...these men will say to you...then tell them, I made a humble plea to the king."' The king asks the prophet to conceal the conversation. He fears human judgment more than God's judgment.

Jeremiah 38:24

The narrative: 'So Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard until the day that Jerusalem was taken.' The prophet remains imprisoned but alive through the final siege. God preserves His spokesperson for future testimony.

Jeremiah 38:25

The conclusion: 'This is how it happened: When Jerusalem was taken, all the officials of the king of Babylon came and sat in the middle gate.' The fall of Jerusalem comes to pass as prophesied.

Jeremiah 38:26

The fulfillment: 'And when King Zedekiah and all the soldiers saw them, they fled and went out of the city at night.' The king flees, abandoning the city. Flight does not escape consequences of refusing to obey.

Jeremiah 38:27

The consequence: 'But the army of the Chaldeans pursued them and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho.' Zedekiah is captured and brought before Babylon's king. The prophecy spoken to Zedekiah is fulfilled.

Jeremiah 38:28

The conclusion: 'And the Chaldeans burned the house of the king and the houses of the people, and broke down the walls of Jerusalem.' The complete destruction of Jerusalem occurs. Yet some poor are left in the land, and the possibility of restoration remains.

Jeremiah 38:21

The threatened consequence: '"But if you refuse to surrender, this is the vision which the LORD has shown to me."' The prophecy depicts the women's accusation toward the king. Judgment includes public humiliation.

Jeremiah 38:9

Ebed-melech's plea: '"Then the king commanded Ebed-melech the Ethiopian, "Take thirty men with you from here, and lift Jeremiah the prophet out of the cistern."' Zedekiah, moved by Ebed-melech's intercession, orders the prophet's rescue. Petition to those in power can result in mercy.

Jeremiah 38:10

The rescue: 'So Ebed-melech took the men with him and went to the house of the king, to a wardrobe in the storehouse, and took from there old rags and worn-out clothes.' Ebed-melech's tender care demonstrates compassion. Even in rescue, the weaker person is treated with care.

Jeremiah 38:11

Ebed-melech's instruction: '"Let these old rags and worn-out clothes be put under your armpits, under the ropes."' The detail of the rags demonstrates practical thoughtfulness. Care for the suffering includes attention to physical comfort.

Jeremiah 38:12

The rescue completed: 'Then they drew Jeremiah up by the ropes and lifted him out of the cistern.' Jeremiah is rescued and returned to the less harsh imprisonment. God preserves His prophet.

Jeremiah 38:13

The narrative notes: 'And Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard.' The prophet survives and remains in confinement. Survival and freedom are different.

Jeremiah 38:14

A new interview: 'Then King Zedekiah sent for Jeremiah the prophet and received him.' Zedekiah seeks another private consultation. The king's continued ambivalence demonstrates his conflicted state.

Jeremiah 38:1

The narrative: 'Shephatiah the son of Mattan, Gedaliah the son of Pashhur, Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashhur the son of Malchiah heard the words that Jeremiah was speaking.' Four officials become aware of Jeremiah's continued prophesying. The prophet continues to speak despite imprisonment.

Jeremiah 38:16

Zedekiah's oath: '"Then King Zedekiah swore secretly to Jeremiah...I will not put you to death or deliver you into the hands of these men."' The king swears an oath to protect the prophet. Even those who have persecuted can repent.

Jeremiah 38:17

The word: '"Then Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, Thus says the LORD...If you will surrender to the officials of the king of Babylon, then your life shall be spared."' Jeremiah offers conditional mercy if the king surrenders. Obedience to the prophet's word offers the possibility of survival.

Jeremiah 38:18

The alternative: '"But if you do not surrender to the officials of the king of Babylon, then this city shall be given into the hand of the Chaldeans."' Refusal to surrender ensures destruction. Human choice has real consequences.

Jeremiah 38:19

Zedekiah's fear: '"And King Zedekiah said to Jeremiah, I am afraid of the Judeans who have deserted to the Chaldeans."' The king's fear of his own deserters prevents him from following the prophet's counsel. Fear of human consequences can override obedience to God's word.

Jeremiah 38:20

The prophet's response: '"They will not give you over. Obey now the voice of the LORD."' Jeremiah assures the king and urges obedience. Obedience to the word requires trust that God will protect.

Jeremiah 38:15

Jeremiah's response: '"If I tell you, will you not surely put me to death? And if I give you counsel, you will not listen to me."' The prophet expresses legitimate fear based on prior experience. Fear of persecution is reasonable when one has been persecuted.

Jeremiah 38:2

Jeremiah's words: '"Thus says the LORD, He who stays in this city shall die by the sword, by famine, and by pestilence."' The prophet advises surrender as the means of survival. Self-preservation sometimes requires surrender.

Jeremiah 38:3

The continuation: '"Thus says the LORD, This city shall surely be given into the hand of the king of Babylon's army."' The certainty of Babylon's victory is reaffirmed. This prophecy is consistent and unchanging.

Jeremiah 38:4

The officials' response: '"This man ought to die, for he is weakening the hands of the soldiers...by speaking such words."' The officials accuse Jeremiah of demoralizing the people. Truth-telling can be mischaracterized as betrayal.

Jeremiah 38:5

The king's response: '"Behold, he is in your hands; for the king is not one to act against you."' Zedekiah abdicates authority to the officials. Weak leadership permits persecution.

Jeremiah 38:6

The consequence: 'So they took Jeremiah and cast him into the cistern of Malchiah.' The prophet is placed in a death trap—a muddy, waterless cistern. Those who speak God's truth face life-threatening persecution.

Jeremiah 38:7

A rescuer appears: 'Now Ebed-melech the Ethiopian, a eunuch who was in the king's house, heard that they had put Jeremiah in the cistern.' Ebed-melech, a foreign official (likely a slave), becomes aware of Jeremiah's peril. God raises up protectors even from unexpected sources.

Jeremiah 38:8

The rescue: 'And Ebed-melech went from the king's house and said to the king, "My lord the king, these men have done evil."' Ebed-melech boldly protests the injustice. Moral courage can arise even in the powerless.