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Jeremiah 36

In the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, this word came to Jeremiah from the LORD:

“Take a scroll and write on it all the words that I have spoken to you against Israel and Judah and all the nations, from the day I spoke to you, from the days of Josiah until today.

It may be that the house of Judah will hear all the disaster that I intend to do to them, so that every one may turn from his evil way, and that I may forgive their iniquity and their sin.”

Then Jeremiah called Baruch the son of Neriah, and Baruch wrote on a scroll at the dictation of Jeremiah all the words of the LORD that he had spoken to him.

And Jeremiah ordered Baruch, saying, “I am banned from going to the house of the LORD,

so you are to go, and on a day of fasting in the hearing of all the people in the LORD’s house you shall read the words of the LORD from the scroll that you have written at my dictation. You shall read them also in the hearing of all the men of Judah who come out of their cities.

It may be that their plea for mercy will come before the LORD, and that every one will turn from his evil way, for great is the anger and wrath that the LORD has pronounced against this people.”

And Baruch the son of Neriah did all that Jeremiah the prophet ordered him about reading from the scroll the words of the LORD in the LORD’s house.

In the fifth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, in the ninth month, all the people in Jerusalem and all the people who came from the cities of Judah to Jerusalem proclaimed a fast before the LORD.

Then, in the hearing of all the people, Baruch read the words of Jeremiah from the scroll, in the house of the LORD, in the chamber of Gemariah the son of Shaphan the secretary, which was in the upper court, at the entry of the New Gate of the LORD’s house.

When Micaiah the son of Gemariah, son of Shaphan, heard all the words of the LORD from the scroll,

he went down to the king’s house, into the secretary’s chamber, and all the officials were sitting there: Elishama the secretary, Delaiah the son of Shemaiah, Elnathan the son of Achbor, Gemariah the son of Shaphan, Zedekiah the son of Hananiah, and all the officials.

And Micaiah told them all the words that he had heard, when Baruch read the scroll in the hearing of the people.

Then all the officials sent Jehudi the son of Nethaniah, son of Shelemiah, son of Cushi, to say to Baruch, “Take in your hand the scroll that you read in the hearing of the people, and come.” So Baruch the son of Neriah took the scroll in his hand and came to them.

And they said to him, “Sit down and read it.” So Baruch read it to them.

When they heard all the words, they turned one to another in fear. And they said to Baruch, “We must report all these words to the king.”

Then they asked Baruch, “Tell us, please, how did you write all these words? Was it at his dictation?”

Baruch answered them, “He dictated all these words to me, while I wrote them with ink on the scroll.”

Then the officials said to Baruch, “Go and hide, you and Jeremiah, and let no one know where you are.”

So they went into the court to the king, having put the scroll in the chamber of Elishama the secretary, and they reported all the words to the king.

Then the king sent Jehudi to get the scroll, and he took it from the chamber of Elishama the secretary. And Jehudi read it to the king and all the officials who stood beside the king.

It was the ninth month, and the king was sitting in the winter house, and there was a fire burning in the fire pot before him.

As Jehudi read three or four columns, the king would cut them off with a knife and throw them into the fire in the fire pot, until the entire scroll was consumed in the fire that was in the fire pot.

Yet neither the king nor any of his servants who heard all these words was afraid, nor did they tear their garments.

Even when Elnathan and Delaiah and Gemariah urged the king not to burn the scroll, he would not listen to them.

And the king commanded Jerahmeel the king’s son and Seraiah the son of Azriel and Shelemiah the son of Abdeel to seize Baruch the secretary and Jeremiah the prophet, but the LORD hid them.

Now after the king had burned the scroll with the words that Baruch wrote at Jeremiah’s dictation, the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah:

“Take another scroll and write on it all the former words that were in the first scroll, which Jehoiakim the king of Judah has burned.

And concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah you shall say, ‘Thus says the LORD, You have burned this scroll, saying, “Why have you written in it that the king of Babylon will certainly come and destroy this land, and will cut off from it man and beast?”

Therefore thus says the LORD concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah: He shall have none to sit on the throne of David, and his dead body shall be cast out to the heat by day and the frost by night.

And I will punish him and his offspring and his servants for their iniquity. I will bring upon them and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem and upon the people of Judah all the disaster that I have pronounced against them, but they would not hear.’”

Then Jeremiah took another scroll and gave it to Baruch the scribe, the son of Neriah, who wrote on it at the dictation of Jeremiah all the words of the scroll that Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire. And many similar words were added to them.

Scripture quotations marked “ESV” are from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), © 2001 by Crossway. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

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Jeremiah 36

King Jehoiakim's court official Baruch records Jeremiah's spoken oracles on a scroll at the prophet's dictation, and when the scroll is read before the king, Jehoiakim repeatedly cuts off sections and burns them, demonstrating how power resists prophetic truth and attempts to destroy the word by literal destruction of the physical scroll. YHWH instructs Jeremiah and Baruch to make another scroll with the same words plus additional oracles, establishing that divine word cannot be destroyed through physical elimination—the prophetic message survives and is reconstituted despite institutional attempts to suppress it. The episode establishes the literary history of Jeremiah's oracles: they are not merely oral utterances but are preserved through written documentation, and Baruch's role as scribe becomes foundational to how the prophetic word reaches future generations who will receive the words the king rejected. Jehoiakim's burning of the scroll is interpreted as rebellion against YHWH, and the king receives judgment that his body will be cast out unburied and his dynasty will not endure on the Davidic throne, illustrating how rejection of prophetic word has political and dynastic consequences. This chapter demonstrates the power of written word to transcend institutional resistance and reach audiences beyond the immediate context of its utterance, establishing that the book of Jeremiah exists partly as testimony to how the prophetic word survives even when rulers attempt its destruction.

Jeremiah 36:1

The superscription: 'In the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, this word came to Jeremiah.' This dates the events to 605 BCE. The word of the LORD comes to Jeremiah to be written and preserved. Prophecy, when preserved in writing, becomes transmissible across time.

Jeremiah 36:2

God commands: 'Take a scroll and write on it all the words that I have spoken to you.' The comprehensive nature of the record suggests a complete prophetic archive. Prophetic words, accumulated over time, form a coherent testimony to God's purposes.

Jeremiah 36:3

The purpose is stated: 'It may be that the house of Judah will hear all the disaster that I intend to do to them, so that every one may turn from his evil way.' Writing the prophecies aims at repentance and forgiveness. Judgment is not inevitable if the people respond.

Jeremiah 36:4

The execution: 'Then Jeremiah called Baruch the son of Neriah, and Baruch wrote on a scroll all the words of the LORD.' Baruch, as the prophet's amanuensis, transcribes Jeremiah's dictation. Writing makes the word permanent.

Jeremiah 36:5

The constraint: 'And Jeremiah ordered Baruch, saying, "I am prevented from going to the house of the LORD."' Jeremiah's imprisonment or restriction prevents him from public reading. Baruch must serve as his voice.

Jeremiah 36:6

The instruction continues: '"Perhaps their supplication will come before the LORD, and every one will turn from his evil way."' The public reading during a fast is meant to prompt repentance. Prophetic words read in context of prayer create the possibility of spiritual transformation.

Jeremiah 36:7

Baruch's execution: 'Baruch the son of Neriah did all that Jeremiah the prophet ordered him to do, reading from the scroll.' The faithful carrying out of the prophetic instruction demonstrates Baruch's commitment. The preservation of prophecy depends on faithful servants.

Jeremiah 36:8

The context: 'In the fifth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, in the ninth month, a fast was proclaimed.' The fast provides the occasion for public reading. God works within existing religious institutions.

Jeremiah 36:9

The reading takes place: 'And Baruch read from the scroll the words of Jeremiah in the house of the LORD.' The public, accessible location ensures the maximum audience. Prophetic words should be openly proclaimed.

Jeremiah 36:10

The narrative detail: 'When Micaiah the son of Gemariah, son of Shaphan, heard all the words of the LORD from the scroll,' identifies a key listener. Micaiah's attentiveness to the word sets up his role in transmitting it further.

Jeremiah 36:11

Micaiah goes to 'the secretary's house, where all the officials were sitting.' The word travels from the temple to the seat of power. Official circles become aware of the prophecy.

Jeremiah 36:12

The officials include 'Elishama the secretary, Delaiah the son of Shemaiah, Elnathan the son of Achbor.' The listing of names emphasizes that the word reaches specific, identifiable persons. Prophecy addresses actual people in actual positions of power.

Jeremiah 36:13

Micaiah 'told all the words that he had heard.' The transmission of the word demonstrates its power to move between venues. God's word cannot be confined.

Jeremiah 36:14

The officials' response: 'Then all the officials sent Jehudi the son of Nethaniah to Baruch, saying, "Come."' The officials' summons indicates they take the word seriously. Those in power must reckon with prophetic words.

Jeremiah 36:15

The officials' instruction: '"Sit down now and read it in our ears." So Baruch read it in their ears.' The officials command a formal reading, placing themselves as judges of the word. Prophecy must be heard and evaluated by those with responsibility.

Jeremiah 36:16

The reaction: 'When they heard all the words, they turned to one another in fear and said to Baruch, "We must report all these words to the king."' The officials' fear indicates the seriousness of the prophecy. Genuine prophecy evokes fear.

Jeremiah 36:17

They questioned Baruch: '"Tell us now, How did you write all these words? Was it at his dictation?"' The officials seek to establish the source and authenticity of the words.

Jeremiah 36:18

Baruch's response: '"Jeremiah dictated all these words to me, and I wrote them with ink on the scroll."' The clear attribution to Jeremiah establishes the prophecy's source. Written prophecy requires clear attribution.

Jeremiah 36:19

The officials warn Baruch: '"Go and hide, you and Jeremiah, and let no one know where you are."' The officials' protective action indicates that they recognize the danger. Those who protect God's word may themselves face danger.

Jeremiah 36:20

The narrative: 'Then they went into the court to the king, but they had deposited the scroll in the chamber of Elishama.' The officials protect the scroll even as they report to the king. The physical preservation of God's word is a sacred trust.

Jeremiah 36:21

The king's summons: 'And the king sent Jehudi to fetch the scroll...And Jehudi read it in the ears of the king.' The king hears the word through his official servant. The king himself must hear God's word.

Jeremiah 36:22

The setting: 'Now the king was sitting in the winter house in the ninth month, with a fire burning in the brazier.' The comfort of the royal setting contrasts with the harsh content of the prophecy. Judgment reaches even the comfortable and powerful.

Jeremiah 36:23

The king's response: 'As Jehudi read three or four columns, the king cut them off with a penknife and cast them into the fire.' Jehoiakim's destruction represents his rejection of the word. The king's act is blasphemous.

Jeremiah 36:24

The reaction: 'Yet neither the king nor any of his servants who heard all these words was afraid.' The expected signs of penitence do not occur. Even when confronted directly with God's word, the stubborn heart can remain unmoved.

Jeremiah 36:25

The detail: 'Elnathan and Delaiah and Gemariah urged the king not to burn the scroll.' Some officials attempted to restrain the king. Not all in power are impervious to the word.

Jeremiah 36:26

The consequence: 'And the king commanded Jerahmeel the son of the king and Seraiah the son of Azriel to seize Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet, but the LORD hid them.' The king's attempt to silence the prophet is thwarted by God's protection.

Jeremiah 36:27

God's word came again to Jeremiah: 'After the king had burned the scroll...the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah.' The destruction of the scroll does not silence the word.

Jeremiah 36:28

God commands: '"Take another scroll and write on it all the former words that were in the first scroll."' Jeremiah is commanded to rewrite the scroll. God's word is indestructible.

Jeremiah 36:29

The additional word: '"And concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah you shall say, Thus says the LORD, You have burned this scroll."' The king's burning of the scroll becomes itself a matter of prophecy. Opposition to God's word is itself noted and judged.

Jeremiah 36:30

The judgment: '"Therefore thus says the LORD concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah: He shall have none to sit upon the throne of David."' Jehoiakim's specific judgment includes the end of his line. Opposition to God's word incurs severe judgment.

Jeremiah 36:31

The broader judgment: '"And I will punish him and his offspring and his servants for their iniquity."' The judgment extends to the king's family and nation. Rejection of prophecy results in judgment at multiple levels.

Jeremiah 36:32

The fulfillment: 'Then Jeremiah took another scroll and gave it to Baruch the scribe...And many similar words were added to them.' The rewritten scroll preserves the original content and includes additional material. God's word survives and even multiplies through opposition.