1 Corinthians 7
Responding to the Corinthians' letter, Paul affirms that it is good for a man not to touch a woman but concedes that because of sexual immorality each man should have his own wife and each woman her own husband. Husbands and wives must not deprive one another sexually except by agreement for a time devoted to prayer. Paul addresses the unmarried and widows: he wishes all were as he is, but each has a gift from God; if they cannot control themselves, let them marry, for it is better to marry than to burn with passion. For the married, Paul commands what he received from the Lord: the wife must not leave, and if she does she must remain unmarried or reconcile; likewise the husband must not divorce. For the rest, Paul advises (not commands) that if a believing spouse has an unbelieving spouse willing to live with them, they must not divorce, for the unbelieving spouse is sanctified through the believer and the children are holy; if the unbeliever leaves, the believer is not enslaved in such cases, for God has called us to peace. Each person should remain in the condition in which they were called—circumcised or uncircumcised, slave or free—and if a slave can become free, they should, for the called slave is a freedperson in the Lord. Paul expresses his preference: the unmarried person is anxious about the Lord's affairs, to be holy in body and spirit, but the married person is anxious about worldly affairs and how to please a spouse. Given the present distress, Paul advises remaining unmarried as he does, though this is his judgment, not a command from the Lord, and a wife is bound to her husband as long as he lives.
1 Corinthians 7:13
And if any woman has a husband who is not a believer and he is willing to live with her, she must not divorce him. — The parallel for wives ensures reciprocal rights and obligations. The unbelieving husband's consent to remain is the decisive criterion. Paul's protection of existing mixed marriages prioritizes preserving the household and possibly allowing for the unbeliever's conversion (cf. 1 Pet 3:1). The symmetrical treatment reinforces that both spouses have agency and rights.
1 Corinthians 7:1
Now for the matters you wrote about: 'It is good for a man not to marry.' — Paul begins with the formula peri de (now concerning), indicating he now addresses questions from the Corinthians' letter. The slogan 'it is good not to marry' (kalon tō anthrōpō gunaikós mē haptesthai) appears to come from some Corinthian believers, possibly those influenced by realized eschatology or Stoic celibacy ideals. Paul neither wholly endorses nor rejects this position; instead, he will nuance it thoroughly, acknowledging both the gift of singleness and the reality of human sexuality.
1 Corinthians 7:2
But because of sexual immorality, each man should have his own wife, and each woman her own husband. — The 'but' (de) marks Paul's crucial qualification: while singleness may be spiritually ideal, it is not universally possible or advisable. The phrase dia tēn akatharpsian (because of sexual immorality, literally 'because of incontinence') acknowledges the intensity of sexual desire and its moral dangers. Mutual marital relation becomes a prophylactic against porneia (sexual sin). Notably, Paul frames marriage as mutual obligation and reciprocal right, not male privilege—a radical egalitarianism for the 1st century.