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1 Corinthians 7

1

Now concerning the things whereof ye wrote unto me: It is good for a man not to touch a woman.

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2

Nevertheless, to avoid fornication, let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own husband.

3

Let the husband render unto the wife due benevolence: and likewise also the wife unto the husband.

4

The wife hath not power of her own body, but the husband: and likewise also the husband hath not power of his own body, but the wife.

5

Defraud ye not one the other, except it be with consent for a time, that ye may give yourselves to fasting and prayer; and come together again, that Satan tempt you not for your incontinency.

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6

But I speak this by permission, and not of commandment.

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For I would that all men were even as I myself. But every man hath his proper gift of God, one after this manner, and another after that.

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8

I say therefore to the unmarried and widows, It is good for them if they abide even as I.

9

But if they cannot contain, let them marry: for it is better to marry than to burn.

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10

And unto the married I command, yet not I, but the Lord, Let not the wife depart from her husband:

11

But and if she depart, let her remain unmarried, or be reconciled to her husband: and let not the husband put away his wife.

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12

But to the rest speak I, not the Lord: If any brother hath a wife that believeth not, and she be pleased to dwell with him, let him not put her away.

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13

And the woman which hath an husband that believeth not, and if he be pleased to dwell with her, let her not leave him.

14

For the unbelieving husband is sanctified by the wife, and the unbelieving wife is sanctified by the husband: else were your children unclean; but now are they holy.

15

But if the unbelieving depart, let him depart. A brother or a sister is not under bondage in such cases: but God hath called us to peace.

16

For what knowest thou, O wife, whether thou shalt save thy husband? or how knowest thou, O man, whether thou shalt save thy wife?

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17

But as God hath distributed to every man, as the Lord hath called every one, so let him walk. And so ordain I in all churches.

18

Is any man called being circumcised? let him not become uncircumcised. Is any called in uncircumcision? let him not be circumcised.

19

Circumcision is nothing, and uncircumcision is nothing, but the keeping of the commandments of God.

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20

Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called.

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21

Art thou called being a servant? care not for it: but if thou mayest be made free, use it rather.

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For he that is called in the Lord, being a servant, is the Lord’s freeman: likewise also he that is called, being free, is Christ’s servant.

23

Ye are bought with a price; be not ye the servants of men.

24

Brethren, let every man, wherein he is called, therein abide with God.

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25

Now concerning virgins I have no commandment of the Lord: yet I give my judgment, as one that hath obtained mercy of the Lord to be faithful.

26

I suppose therefore that this is good for the present distress, I say, that it is good for a man so to be.

27

Art thou bound unto a wife? seek not to be loosed. Art thou loosed from a wife? seek not a wife.

28

But and if thou marry, thou hast not sinned; and if a virgin marry, she hath not sinned. Nevertheless such shall have trouble in the flesh: but I spare you.

29

But this I say, brethren, the time is short: it remaineth, that both they that have wives be as though they had none;

30

And they that weep, as though they wept not; and they that rejoice, as though they rejoiced not; and they that buy, as though they possessed not;

31

And they that use this world, as not abusing it: for the fashion of this world passeth away.

32

But I would have you without carefulness. He that is unmarried careth for the things that belong to the Lord, how he may please the Lord:

33

But he that is married careth for the things that are of the world, how he may please his wife.

34

There is difference also between a wife and a virgin. The unmarried woman careth for the things of the Lord, that she may be holy both in body and in spirit: but she that is married careth for the things of the world, how she may please her husband.

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And this I speak for your own profit; not that I may cast a snare upon you, but for that which is comely, and that ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction.

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But if any man think that he behaveth himself uncomely toward his virgin, if she pass the flower of her age, and need so require, let him do what he will, he sinneth not: let them marry.

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Nevertheless he that standeth stedfast in his heart, having no necessity, but hath power over his own will, and hath so decreed in his heart that he will keep his virgin, doeth well.

38

So then he that giveth her in marriage doeth well; but he that giveth her not in marriage doeth better.

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The wife is bound by the law as long as her husband liveth; but if her husband be dead, she is at liberty to be married to whom she will; only in the Lord.

40

But she is happier if she so abide, after my judgment: and I think also that I have the Spirit of God.

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1 Corinthians 7

Responding to the Corinthians' letter, Paul affirms that it is good for a man not to touch a woman but concedes that because of sexual immorality each man should have his own wife and each woman her own husband. Husbands and wives must not deprive one another sexually except by agreement for a time devoted to prayer. Paul addresses the unmarried and widows: he wishes all were as he is, but each has a gift from God; if they cannot control themselves, let them marry, for it is better to marry than to burn with passion. For the married, Paul commands what he received from the Lord: the wife must not leave, and if she does she must remain unmarried or reconcile; likewise the husband must not divorce. For the rest, Paul advises (not commands) that if a believing spouse has an unbelieving spouse willing to live with them, they must not divorce, for the unbelieving spouse is sanctified through the believer and the children are holy; if the unbeliever leaves, the believer is not enslaved in such cases, for God has called us to peace. Each person should remain in the condition in which they were called—circumcised or uncircumcised, slave or free—and if a slave can become free, they should, for the called slave is a freedperson in the Lord. Paul expresses his preference: the unmarried person is anxious about the Lord's affairs, to be holy in body and spirit, but the married person is anxious about worldly affairs and how to please a spouse. Given the present distress, Paul advises remaining unmarried as he does, though this is his judgment, not a command from the Lord, and a wife is bound to her husband as long as he lives.

1 Corinthians 7:13

And if any woman has a husband who is not a believer and he is willing to live with her, she must not divorce him. — The parallel for wives ensures reciprocal rights and obligations. The unbelieving husband's consent to remain is the decisive criterion. Paul's protection of existing mixed marriages prioritizes preserving the household and possibly allowing for the unbeliever's conversion (cf. 1 Pet 3:1). The symmetrical treatment reinforces that both spouses have agency and rights.

1 Corinthians 7:1

Now for the matters you wrote about: 'It is good for a man not to marry.' — Paul begins with the formula peri de (now concerning), indicating he now addresses questions from the Corinthians' letter. The slogan 'it is good not to marry' (kalon tō anthrōpō gunaikós mē haptesthai) appears to come from some Corinthian believers, possibly those influenced by realized eschatology or Stoic celibacy ideals. Paul neither wholly endorses nor rejects this position; instead, he will nuance it thoroughly, acknowledging both the gift of singleness and the reality of human sexuality.

1 Corinthians 7:2

But because of sexual immorality, each man should have his own wife, and each woman her own husband. — The 'but' (de) marks Paul's crucial qualification: while singleness may be spiritually ideal, it is not universally possible or advisable. The phrase dia tēn akatharpsian (because of sexual immorality, literally 'because of incontinence') acknowledges the intensity of sexual desire and its moral dangers. Mutual marital relation becomes a prophylactic against porneia (sexual sin). Notably, Paul frames marriage as mutual obligation and reciprocal right, not male privilege—a radical egalitarianism for the 1st century.

1 Corinthians 7:3

The husband should fulfill his marital duty to his wife, and likewise the wife to her husband. — The word opheilō (duty, obligation) establishes marriage as a reciprocal covenant with enforceable claims. This conjugal debt (debitum coniugale) protects both partners from denial and rejection. The parallel structure (husbands...likewise...wives) grants women equal standing in sexual access and satisfaction—countercultural in Greco-Roman context where marital relations were often understood as unidirectional male right. Paul's insistence on mutuality reflects the baptismal unity of Gal 3:28.

1 Corinthians 7:4

The wife does not have authority over her own body but yields it to her husband. In the same way, the husband does not have authority over his own body but yields it to his wife. — The phrase exousia epi tō idiō sōmati (authority over one's own body) paradoxically establishes rights by means of their mutual cession. Neither spouse retains unilateral bodily autonomy; instead, both give authority to the other. This mutual dispossession and mutual claim reflects an covenantal exchange deeper than contractual marriage. The chiastic parallelism underscores the symmetry: what applies to wife applies equally to husband.

1 Corinthians 7:5

Do not deprive each other except perhaps by mutual consent and for a time, so that you may devote yourselves to prayer. Then come together again so that Satan will not tempt you because of your lack of self-control. — Sexual abstinence is permitted only when mutually agreed, temporary, and spiritually purposeful (devotion to prayer). The exception proves the rule: normal sexual relation is the default. The warning that Satan tempts through deprivation acknowledges both Satan's reality and the intensity of sexual desire. The return formula (palin homou ginesthe = come together again) is imperative, not optional, protecting the marriage against both infidelity and contempt.

1 Corinthians 7:6

I say this as a concession, not as a command. — Paul himself explicitly marks his teaching as condescension, not absolute law. The word gnōmē (judgment, considered opinion) contrasts with epitagē (command). In this pastoral move, Paul acknowledges the distance between the ideal (he may prefer celibacy) and the real (most believers need marriage). The concessive framing respects Christian freedom while establishing clear ethical guidance.

1 Corinthians 7:7

I wish that all of you were as I am. But each of you has your own gift from God; one has this gift, another has that. — Paul discloses his own celibacy as a charism (charis = gift, grace). The wish (ēthelen) expresses preference, not demand. However, Paul immediately reframes singleness and marriage both as gifts (charismata) distributed by God according to divine will, not human choice. This simultaneously honors his own single state and validates the married state of others—diversity in gifts reflects the God who distributes them.

1 Corinthians 7:8

Now to the unmarried and the widows I say: It is good for them to stay unmarried, as I do. — Paul addresses the unmarried (agamoi) and widows as distinct groups, each facing particular challenges. The affirmation that it is good (kalon) to remain unmarried is permitted by Paul's own celibate example. However, the concession that follows will acknowledge that not all can maintain this state. The absence of judgment on those who marry is crucial: celibacy is good but not obligatory.

1 Corinthians 7:9

But if they cannot control themselves, they should marry, for it is better to marry than to burn with passion. — The criterion is self-control (enkrateia), the capacity to manage sexual desire. Those who lack this gift should marry; Paul uses 'burn' (purousthai) as vivid image of unmanaged sexual passion becoming destructive. The comparative 'better to marry than to burn' establishes marriage as morally licit alternative to sexual sin, not second-best but genuinely good. This counsel respects both human nature and God's redemptive provision.

1 Corinthians 7:10

To the married I give this command (not I, but the Lord): A wife must not separate from her husband. — Paul distinguishes his own counsel from dominical teaching (apo tou kyriou = from the Lord), likely referencing Jesus' prohibition of divorce in the Gospels. The command (epitassō) is the strongest form of instruction. Separation (chōrizō) is forbidden absolutely. Paul's insistence on the Lord's authority here grounds marriage ethics in Jesus' own teaching, beyond Paul's mere opinion.

1 Corinthians 7:11

But if she does, she must remain unmarried or else be reconciled to her husband. And a husband must not divorce his wife. — The conditional 'if she does separate' acknowledges that believers may nevertheless disobey, addressing pastoral reality. The consequence is either perpetual singleness or reconciliation—not freedom to remarry. The parallel command to husbands reiterates mutuality: neither party can unilaterally dissolve the bond. This absolute prohibition stands without the exception clause found in Matthew 5:32, intensifying the finality of marital commitment.

1 Corinthians 7:12

To the rest I say this (I, not the Lord): If any brother has a wife who is not a believer and she is willing to live with him, he must not divorce her. — Paul now addresses intermarriage between believer and unbeliever, not addressed directly in Jesus' teaching. The formula 'I, not the Lord' claims apostolic authority where dominical sayings are absent. The condition is the unbeliever's willingness to remain; if she consents to cohabitation, the marriage stands. This permits what Levitical law prohibited (2 Cor 6:14) in cases where the union already exists.

1 Corinthians 7:14

For the unbelieving husband has been sanctified through his wife, and the unbelieving wife has been sanctified through her believing husband. Otherwise your children would be unclean, but as it is, they are holy. — The word 'sanctified' (hēgiasmai = set apart) does not denote regeneration but rather inclusion in the household of faith. The unbeliever is consecrated by association with a believer, possibly opening the door to conversion. The logic extends to children: they inherit the consecrated status of the believing parent, preventing them from being 'unclean' (akathartos = excluded, defiled). This reflects the covenant principle that God's sanctifying work extends to the household of the believer.

1 Corinthians 7:15

But if the unbeliever leaves, let it be so. The brother or sister is not bound in such circumstances; God has called us to live in peace. — The 'Pauline privilege' permits divorce when an unbelieving spouse abandons the marriage. The phrase 'not bound' (ou dedoulōtai = enslaved, bound) releases the believer from the marriage covenant. The rationale is peace (eirēnē): maintaining a marriage against the unbeliever's will would violate the peace to which God has called believers. This exception acknowledges that unilateral abandonment breaks the covenant.

1 Corinthians 7:16

How do you know, wife, whether you will save your husband? Or, how do you know, husband, whether you will save your wife? — Paul pivots to eschatological hope: the unbelieving spouse might be converted through the witness and prayer of the believing partner. The question 'how do you know?' (ti oidasō) expresses epistemic humility before God's purposes. Marriage to an unbeliever, while not ideal, becomes a potential avenue of redemption. This softens the prohibition against mixed marriage for those already married.

1 Corinthians 7:17

Nevertheless, each person should live as the Lord has assigned to them, as God has called them. This is the rule I lay down in all the churches. — Paul introduces the cardinal principle: remain in the situation (klēsis = calling, position) in which God called you. The word taassō (assigned) suggests that one's social station is divinely ordained for the purpose of living out one's faith there. This principle applies not just to marriage but to all of life (cf. verses 20-24). The phrase 'in all the churches' signals that this is universal apostolic teaching, not merely local opinion.

1 Corinthians 7:18

Was a man already circumcised when he was called? He should not become uncircumcised. Was a man uncircumcised when he was called? He should not be circumcised. — The circumcision question moves from marriage to the paradigmatic identity marker of Jewishness. Becoming uncircumcised (i.e., surgical restoration, periotomē) was attempted by some Hellenized Jews seeking to hide their identity (1 Macc 1:15). Conversely, some gentile converts to Christianity may have felt pressure to be circumcised to be 'truly' part of God's people. Paul declares both moves unnecessary: remain in your status at conversion.

1 Corinthians 7:19

Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing. Keeping God's commands is what counts. — The declaration 'circumcision is nothing' (oudén estin) radically devalues the primary Jewish identity marker. Neither circumcision nor its absence matters; instead, tērēsis entolōn theou (keeping the commandments of God) is the measure of faithfulness. This echoes Gal 5:6 ('neither circumcision nor uncircumcision counts for anything, but faith working through love'). The ethical content of God's will supersedes ritual status.

1 Corinthians 7:20

Each person should remain in the situation they were in when God called them. — The principle is restated emphatically: remain in your klēsis (calling, position in life). This does not mandate perpetual social immobility but rather counsels against seeking status change as religiously necessary. The call to faith in Christ transcends and relativizes all earthly stations, freeing one to remain without shame or striving.

1 Corinthians 7:21

Were you a slave when you were called? Don't let it trouble you—although if you can gain your freedom, do so. — The practical case: slavery. Paul does not command manumission but permits it ('if you can gain freedom, do so'—an optative, not imperative). This reflects pastoral realism: some slaves faced danger if freed. However, the deep theological point follows: believers, whether enslaved or free, are apeleutheroi kyriou (freed people of the Lord) in the most profound sense. Heavenly freedom transcends temporal bondage, though earthly freedom is not despised.

1 Corinthians 7:22

For the one who was a slave when called to faith in the Lord is the Lord's freed person; similarly, the one who was free when called is Christ's slave. — The paradox inverts all value: the enslaved believer is apelutheros kyriou (the Lord's freedperson), possessing the ultimate freedom. The free person becomes doulos Christou (enslaved to Christ), accepting chosen servitude to a liberating master. This theological inversion establishes that temporal status is subordinate to one's relation to Christ. Both freedom and slavery are relativized before the absolute claim of Christ.

1 Corinthians 7:23

You were bought at a price; do not become slaves of human beings. — The redemption language recurs (ēgorasthē = you were bought at cost), connecting to 6:20. The prohibition 'do not become slaves of men' (mē ginesthe douloi anthrōpōn) forbids selling oneself into bondage for any cause—social advancement, wealth, security. The believer's slavery is exclusively to Christ; no human claim supersedes that ownership.

1 Corinthians 7:24

Brothers and sisters, each person, as responsible to God, should remain in the situation God called them to. — The final statement of the principle adds 'responsible to God' (para theō): accountability is vertical, not horizontal. One answers to God for faithfulness in one's station, not to society for advancement. This endows ordinary life—remaining a slave, remaining unmarried or married, remaining gentile or Jewish—with ultimate significance because it is lived before God.

1 Corinthians 7:25

Now about virgins: I have no command from the Lord, but I give a judgment as one who by the Lord's mercy is trustworthy. — Paul addresses the parthénoi (virgins), likely young women under paternal control facing questions about marriage. The formula 'no command from the Lord' continues Paul's transparency about the scope of Jesus' explicit teaching. However, Paul's judgment (gnōmē = considered opinion) is given as one who has received eleos kuriou (the Lord's mercy), lending apostolic weight. The claim to trustworthiness derives from divine gift, not personal accomplishment.

1 Corinthians 7:26

Because of the present crisis, I think that it is good for a person to remain as they are. — The anankē (crisis, necessity, constraint) is likely eschatological: believers live in the final era before Christ's return, when ordinary pursuits become less urgent. Paul's counsel that virgins remain unmarried gains credibility from this perceived imminence. The 'good' (kalon) reflects Paul's own eschatological reasoning: why begin new family arrangements in the shadow of the end?

1 Corinthians 7:27

Are you pledged to a woman? Do not seek to be released. Are you free from such a commitment? Do not look for a wife. — The paired conditions address those betrothed and those free. No one should initiate marriage; existing betrothals should not be dissolved. The counsel presumes that maintaining the status quo preserves focus on the Lord during the eschatological interval.

1 Corinthians 7:28

But if you do marry, you have not sinned; and if a virgin marries, she has not sinned. But those who marry will face many troubles in this life, and I want to spare you this. — The parenthetical 'you have not sinned' (ouch hēmartes) reassures against the impression that marriage is forbidden. However, Paul warns that marriage brings thlipsis tē sarki (affliction in the flesh)—the practical burdens of family life, especially in persecution. This is not moral condemnation but realistic description of added complexity during eschatological urgency.

1 Corinthians 7:29

What I mean, brothers and sisters, is that the time is short. — The proclamation that ho kairos synestalmenos estin (the time is contracted, compressed, shortened) grounds all the preceding counsel. This is not mere calculation but theological conviction: the parousia is near, making ordinary pursuits relativized. All earthly relations and responsibilities are measured against the impending consummation.

1 Corinthians 7:30

From now on those who have wives should live as if they do not; those who mourn, as if they did not; those who are happy, as if they were not; those who buy something, as if it were not theirs to keep. — The counsel is detachment, not abandonment of responsibilities. Wives should be loved but held lightly; grief should not consume; joy should not intoxicate; possessions should not possess. The hōs mē (as if not) construction suggests that while these things are real, they do not define the believer's ultimate identity or destiny. This is not Stoic apathy but eschatological sobriety.

1 Corinthians 7:31

For this world in its present form is passing away. — The cosmos in its morphē (form, arrangement) parerchetai (passes away), emphasizing the transient character of the present order. The present configuration of power, relationships, and values is temporary. This legitimizes the 'as if not' posture: why invest ultimate significance in what is ending? Believers are citizens of a future kingdom already inaugurated.

1 Corinthians 7:32

I would like you to be free from concern. An unmarried man is concerned about the Lord's affairs—how he can please the Lord. — The unmarried (agamos) man possesses the advantage of undivided focus: his meleté (concern, care, solicitude) is directed toward areskeia kyriō (pleasing the Lord). The noun areskeia suggests a vocation of service, not merely avoidance of sin. Paul identifies singleness not as withdrawal but as active devotion to kingdom purposes.

1 Corinthians 7:33

But a married man is concerned about the affairs of this world—how he can please his wife, and his interests are divided. — The married man's merimna (worry, divided attention) extends to worldly affairs (ta tou kosmou) insofar as he must provide for and attend to his wife. The division of interest is not sinful but natural—marriage requires genuine partnership and mutual obligation. Paul does not condemn this but identifies the existential cost: the wife becomes co-concern with the Lord.

1 Corinthians 7:34

An unmarried woman or virgin is concerned about the Lord's affairs: Her aim is to be devoted to the Lord in both body and spirit; but a married woman is concerned about the affairs of this world—how she can please her husband. — The unmarried woman (and virgin) similarly enjoys singular focus on kyriaka (the Lord's affairs). The phrase 'devoted to the Lord in both body and spirit' (hieros kai soma kai pneumati) suggests wholehearted consecration. The married woman's divided merimna parallels the husband's, establishing complete reciprocity in the marriage's demands.

1 Corinthians 7:35

I am saying this for your own good, not to restrict you, but that you may live in a right way in undivided devotion to the Lord. — Paul disclaims any intent to bind consciences (ou hina brochon humin epibaleō = not to cast a noose around you). Instead, the goal is proskarthesis (undivided devotion, literally steadfast attendance) to the Lord. The 'right way' (eutactōs) conveys both propriety and order. Marriage is not forbidden; rather, singleness is lifted as a charism enabling focused worship and service.

1 Corinthians 7:36

If anyone is worried that he might not be acting honorably toward the virgin he is engaged to, and if his passions are too strong and he feels he ought to marry, he should do what he wants. He is not sinning. Let them marry. — The scenario addresses a betrothed man whose sexual desire is intense and who fears dishonoring the betrothed virgin by delay. Paul permits marriage: marriage is not sinful even when motivated by desire. The phrase 'let them marry' (gametōsan) removes all shame or divine disapproval. The pastoral concern is to prevent akatharsia (sexual immorality) through managed marriage.

1 Corinthians 7:37

But the man who has settled the matter in his own mind, who is under no compulsion but has control over his own will, and who has made up his mind to keep the virgin unmarried—this man also does the right thing. — The alternative: if the betrothed man possesses firmness of intention (hedraus tē kardiā = steadfast in heart) and self-control (exousia... tou idiou thelmatos = authority over his own will), he may delay or forgo marriage. This too is approved: he does well (kalos poiei). Both paths—marriage and restraint—are legitimate when pursued with integrity and proper intention.

1 Corinthians 7:38

So then, he who marries the virgin does right, but he who does not marry her does even better. — The comparative affirms that singleness is preferable (kreisson = better) yet denies that marriage is wrong (kalos = good). Both are acceptable; they occupy different levels of spiritual advantage. The one who remains single avoids the thlipseis tē sarki (afflictions in the flesh) and maintains uncompromised devotion to the Lord. This final statement preserves Paul's eschatological emphasis without condemning those who marry.

1 Corinthians 7:39

A woman is bound to her husband as long as he lives. But if her husband dies, she is free to marry anyone she wishes, but he must belong to the Lord. — The death of a spouse dissolves the marital bond; widowhood restores freedom. However, Paul adds a crucial qualification: any remarriage must be en kyriō (in the Lord), meaning she marries a believer. This counsel respects the widow's freedom while protecting against unequal yoking. The phrasing acknowledges that widows retain genuine choice.

1 Corinthians 7:40

In my judgment, she is happier if she remains as I am. And I think that I too have the Spirit of God. — Paul's final counsel: widows are makariōterē (more blessed) if they remain unmarried, reflecting his own celibate condition. The defensive phrase 'I too have the Spirit of God' (dokō de kagō pneuma theou echein) addresses any who might dismiss Paul's counsel as merely personal preference. His apostolic authority is grounded in the Spirit's confirmation. Yet the permission to remarry remains; the advice is not command.