In other words, it is not the children by physical descent who are God's children, but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham's offspring. — The τέκνα τῆς σαρκός (tekna tēs sarkos, "children of the flesh") are not τέκνα τοῦ θεοῦ (tekna tou theou, "God's children"); rather, the τέκνα τῆς ἐπαγγελίας (tekna tēs epaggelias, "children of the promise") are counted as sperma. The categories are inverted: biological descent yields to promissory covenant.

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