“Tribulation and anguish, upon every soul of man that doeth evil, of the Jew first, and also of the Gentile;”
There will be trouble and distress for every human being who does evil: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile. Universal judgment touches every human being. Distress (thlipsis) and anguish (stenochōria) await those who practice evil (ergazomai kakon). The formula Jew first, then Gentile reverses the privilege suggested in Romans 1:16, revealing that covenantal status provides no exemption from judgment when works of evil are practiced. All are equally subject to God's righteous judgment.
Church Fathers on Romans 2:9
“Indignation and wrath, tribulation and anguish, upon every soul of man that does evil.” That is, if a man be rich, if a consul, if a very sovereign , by none of them is the account of the judgment out-faced. Since in this dignities have no place. Having then shown the exceeding greatness of the disease, and having added the cause, that it was from the carelessness of the disordered, and finally, that destruction awaits them and that amendment is easy, in the punishment also…
Nicene & Post-Nicene / Ante-Nicene Fathers translations · public domain
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