Proverbs 31

31 verses

Chapter 31 concludes the book with two sections: the words of King Lemuel taught to him by his mother, emphasizing the dangers of excess, the importance of justice for the vulnerable, and the role of the righteous ruler; and an extended acrostic poem celebrating the capable wife. The first section warns the king against wine and strong drink that might cloud his judgment in administering justice, and exhorts him to speak for those who cannot speak for themselves, to judge the afflicted and destitute with righteousness. The second and more elaborate section presents a portrait of the capable wife (Hebrew: eshet chayil), who is more precious than jewels, in whom her husband trusts, and who brings him good all the days of her life. The wife of chapter 31 is depicted as industrious—rising while still dark to provide food for her household, working with her hands, trading, and managing a household's complex economics—and as dignified, kind, and wise in speech. Memorable images include her hands clothed with strength, her arms strengthened for her tasks; her lamp burning through the night; the flowing fabric that she works and sells; and her children and husband rising up to call her blessed. The portrait culminates with the assertion that many women have done excellently but she surpasses them all, and that charm is deceitful and beauty is vain but a woman who fears the LORD deserves praise. Chapter 31 completes the book by showing how Proverbian wisdom extends to the highest levels of governance and family management, presenting the capable wife as embodying all the virtues—diligence, prudence, generosity, piety, and domestic stewardship—that the book has celebrated throughout.

VERSES IN THIS CHAPTER

COMMUNITY REFLECTIONS