Then the border goes down to the border of the mountain that overlooks the valley of the son of Hinnom, which is at the north end of the valley of Rephaim. And it goes down the valley of Hinnom south of the shoulder of the Jebusites, and goes down to En-rogel — The valley of Hinnom (Gehenna) eventually becomes a symbol of divine judgment and the underworld in later Judaism; its presence as Benjamin's boundary carries future theological resonance. The valley of Rephaim recalls the ancient giants, ancestral enemies whose land is now apportioned to Israel. En-rogel ('spring of the fuller'), a water source, marks the southeastern corner. Geography encodes history and eschatology.

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