And the south side begins at the end of Kiriath-jearim. And the border goes from there to Ephron, to the spring of the Waters of Nephtoah — The southern boundary's starting point at Kiriath-jearim creates a continuous circuit of Benjamin's territory. The 'Waters of Nephtoah' (Naphtoach) mark a freshwater source, crucial for settlement. The detailed naming of geographical features (springs, hills, cities) reflects the concrete, practical reality of land tenure within the covenant framework; land is not abstract promise but specific, bounded, water-bearing terrain.

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