Then they took Jesus from Caiaphas to the Praetorium. It was early morning. They themselves did not enter the Praetorium, so as not to be defiled, so that they might eat the Passover — John's characteristic irony: the Jewish leaders scrupulously avoid ritual defilement by entering a pagan space, yet deliver Jesus to crucifixion, the gravest defilement. The Passover context (preparation day, hours before the meal) frames Jesus as the true Passover lamb. The leaders' ceremonial purity contrasts with their murderous intent.

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