The exposure 'Because I know that you are obstinate, and your neck is an iron sinew, and your brow is bronze' names Israel's internal resistance to prophetic word, comparing hardness to impenetrable metals. This verse distinguishes Israel's stubbornness from covenant faithfulness, suggesting that obduracy prevents full reception of restoration. The prophet speaks with the familiarity of one who knows his audience's character—not strangers but wayward covenant partners. This verse maintains accountability: Israel bears some responsibility for delay in restoration.

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