Woe to Ariel, to Ariel, the city where David dwelt! Add year to year; let the feasts come around, addressing Jerusalem (called Ariel, perhaps meaning "altar-hearth") with a woe oracle and suggesting that the city continues its normal religious observances without genuine spiritual depth. The repetition of Ariel suggests emphasis and perhaps the combination of the name with its meaning. The dwelling of David suggests Jerusalem's royal status and its place in the Davidic covenant. The feasts continue, yet the oracle suggests they are empty forms lacking true devotion. The woe oracle extends the series of woes from chapter 28, continuing the indictment of Judah's leadership and the capital city.

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