For the hand of the LORD will rest on this mountain, and Moab will be trampled down in his place, as straw is trampled down in the water of a manure pile, establishing that the universal salvation and the reign of God on Mount Zion include the judgment of opposition, using Moab as an example of nations that resist God's purposes. The trampling down imagery suggests complete subjugation and humiliation. The reference to straw and manure creates deliberately degrading imagery, emphasizing the totality of humiliation. The establishment of God's hand on the mountain suggests that Zion becomes the center of God's power and the seat of judgment against all opposition. This verse maintains the connection between salvation and judgment, between the vindication of the faithful and the subjugation of the resistant.

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