“Which things are an allegory: for these are the two covenants; the one from the mount Sinai, which gendereth to bondage, which is Agar.”
These things are being taken as figurative, for the women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. — Paul's allegorical reading assigns the two women cosmic significance: Hagar represents the Sinai covenant ('diathēkē apo orous Sinai'), which produces 'teknon doulos' (children destined for slavery), the enslaved progeny of law-observance.
Church Fathers on Galatians 4:24
“Which things contain an allegory.” Contrary to usage, he calls a type an allegory; his meaning is as follows; this history not only declares that which appears on the face of it, but announces somewhat farther, whence it is called an allegory. And what has it announced? No less than all the things now present. “For these women,” he says, “are two covenants; one from mount Sinai, bearing children unto bondage, which is Hagar.” “These:” who? The mothers of those children,…
Nicene & Post-Nicene / Ante-Nicene Fathers translations · public domain
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