But the seventh day is a sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your male or female servant, nor your animals, nor any foreigner residing in your towns. The Sabbath rest extends to every member of the household: children, servants, animals, foreigners. The one command in the Decalogue that explicitly includes outsiders — the foreigner residing in your towns — is the Sabbath. The rest that God commands for His covenant people is extended to those who are not yet covenant members. This universality anticipates the New Covenant's extension of the rest Jesus offers to all who are weary and burdened (Matthew 11:28). The Sabbath is not Israel's private resource but a gift offered through Israel to the world.

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