“For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him, and for him:”
For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or authorities — all things are created through Christ, dia autou. The 'all things' is triadic: heaven/earth, visible/invisible, and spiritual powers (thrones, dominions, principalities, authorities—likely angelic ranks). Christ's creative role encompasses both material and immaterial realms. This challenges Gnostic dualism: material creation is not evil but Christ's work. The spiritual powers are not co-creators but creatures.
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