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Psalms 72

Give the king your justice, O God, and your righteousness to the royal son!

May he judge your people with righteousness, and your poor with justice!

Let the mountains bear prosperity for the people, and the hills, in righteousness!

May he defend the cause of the poor of the people, give deliverance to the children of the needy, and crush the oppressor!

May they fear you while the sun endures, and as long as the moon, throughout all generations!

May he be like rain that falls on the mown grass, like showers that water the earth!

In his days may the righteous flourish, and peace abound, till the moon be no more!

May he have dominion from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth!

May desert tribes bow down before him, and his enemies lick the dust!

May the kings of Tarshish and of the coastlands render him tribute; may the kings of Sheba and Seba bring gifts!

May all kings fall down before him, all nations serve him!

For he delivers the needy when he calls, the poor and him who has no helper.

He has pity on the weak and the needy, and saves the lives of the needy.

From oppression and violence he redeems their life, and precious is their blood in his sight.

Long may he live; may gold of Sheba be given to him! May prayer be made for him continually, and blessings invoked for him all the day!

May there be abundance of grain in the land; on the tops of the mountains may it wave; may its fruit be like Lebanon; and may people blossom in the cities like the grass of the field!

May his name endure forever, his fame continue as long as the sun! May people be blessed in him, all nations call him blessed!

Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, who alone does wondrous things.

Blessed be his glorious name forever; may the whole earth be filled with his glory! Amen and Amen!

The prayers of David, the son of Jesse, are ended.

Scripture quotations marked “ESV” are from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), © 2001 by Crossway. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

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Psalms 72

Psalm 72 is a royal prayer petitioning God to grant the king wisdom and justice so he may rule righteously for the vulnerable, exemplifying the theological concerns of Book 3. The psalmist employs vivid imagery and direct address to God, establishing the intimate dialogue between worshiper and the divine that characterizes the psalmic tradition. The theological assertions center on God's character as both judge and redeemer, creating a comprehensive vision of divine justice and mercy integrated with human experience. The psalm reflects on both personal circumstance and communal identity, suggesting that individual faith finds validation through shared experience with the covenant community. The liturgical context indicates this psalm's function in worship where personal piety integrates with communal celebration of God's acts and attributes. The concluding movement typically affirms confidence in God's faithfulness, exemplifying the psalmic pattern of transformation through prayer and remembrance of divine acts throughout history.

Psalms 72:1

This opening petition that God would give judgment to the king articulates the prayer for just governance and wise rule. The reference to God's righteousness to the royal son indicates that kingship should be grounded in God's justice. This verse establishes the psalm as a prayer for righteous rulership and the blessing that flows from it.

Psalms 72:2

The petition that the king would judge the poor with righteousness articulates the fundamental criterion for just rule: care for the vulnerable and marginalized. The reference to the needy receiving justice establishes that equity toward the powerless is essential to righteous governance. This verse establishes the standard by which kingship is evaluated.

Psalms 72:3

The vision that mountains and hills yield peace articulates that righteous rule produces cosmic harmony and peace. The reference to bringing peace to the people indicates that the effects of righteous governance extend throughout creation. This verse envisions the eschatological fruit of just rule.

Psalms 72:4

The affirmation that the king will defend the needy and crush the oppressor articulates that righteous kingship involves both protection of the helpless and elimination of wickedness. The defense of the needy and the crushing of the oppressor represent the dual dimensions of justice: protection and judgment. This verse emphasizes that righteous rule requires active intervention against injustice.

Psalms 72:5

The prayer that the king might endure and be revered as long as the sun and moon articulates the desire for the perpetual and universal recognition of righteous rule. The cosmic imagery (sun and moon) suggests permanence and comprehensiveness. This verse expresses the hope that righteous governance will be enduring.

Psalms 72:6

The vision that the king would be like rain falling on mown grass articulates that the beneficial effects of righteous rule would be gentle and nourishing. The reference to rain falling on grass suggests refreshment and growth. This verse establishes that righteous rule produces flourishing throughout creation.

Psalms 72:7

The affirmation that righteousness flourishes and peace abounds articulates the fruit of just governance: moral flourishing and social harmony. The reference to the moon as a measure indicates that such conditions will be perpetual. This verse envisions the conditions that result from righteous rule.

Psalms 72:8

The vision that the king would rule from sea to sea and from the river to the ends of the earth articulates universal dominion. The geographic imagery encompasses the entire known world. This verse expresses the eschatological hope of universal righteous governance.

Psalms 72:9

The vision that enemies would bow down and foes lick dust articulates the submission of all opposition to righteous rule. The imagery of bowing and licking dust suggests complete subjugation and humiliation of enemies. This verse articulates the vision of universal submission to righteous authority.

Psalms 72:10

The reference to kings of Tarshish, Sheba, and Seba bringing gifts articulates that distant rulers would acknowledge the righteous king's supremacy and bring tribute. The enumeration of specific regions suggests worldwide recognition. This verse indicates that universal acknowledgment of the righteous king's authority would be manifest in the payment of tribute.

Psalms 72:11

The affirmation that all kings would fall down and all nations would serve articulates the comprehensive submission to righteous rule. The universal scope indicates that all human authority would be subordinate to the righteous king. This verse expresses the eschatological vision of universal submission to righteous governance.

Psalms 72:12

The commitment that the king would deliver the needy and poor articulates that righteous rule is characterized by care for the vulnerable. The reference to those without helpers indicates that the king becomes the advocate for the defenseless. This verse establishes the fundamental orientation of righteous kingship toward the marginalized.

Psalms 72:13

The affirmation that the king would have pity on the weak and needy and save their lives articulates compassionate governance. The reference to saving lives indicates that the king's rule sustains existence and well-being. This verse emphasizes the life-giving dimension of righteous rule.

Psalms 72:14

The statement that the king would redeem from oppression and violence and regard life as precious articulates that righteous rule values each person. The reference to life being precious indicates that every individual is worthy of protection and preservation. This verse establishes the dignity of every person in righteous governance.

Psalms 72:15

The prayer that the king would live long and receive gold and constant prayers articulates the desire for the king's longevity and the people's perpetual intercession. The reference to gold suggests wealth and abundance. The constant prayers indicate ongoing communal support. This verse indicates that righteous kingship would be sustained by the people's persistent intercession.

Psalms 72:16

The vision that grain would abound in the land and fruit would flourish articulates material blessing and agricultural fertility. The reference to fruit flourishing on mountains indicates that fertility would extend throughout creation. This verse envisions the material abundance that accompanies righteous rule.

Psalms 72:17

The affirmation that the king's name would endure and be blessed as long as the sun articulates the perpetuity of the righteous king's reputation and blessing. The reference to nations being blessed through the king articulates that righteous rule brings blessing to all peoples. This verse expresses the eschatological vision of enduring righteous governance blessing all creation.

Psalms 72:18

The blessing pronounced on God for wonderful deeds articulates worship and thanksgiving for the possibility of righteous rule. The reference to God's mighty acts indicates that just governance flows from divine power. This verse transitions toward closing with theological affirmation.

Psalms 72:19

The affirmation that the name of God be praised and that glory fill the earth articulates that righteous rule manifests God's name and character. The filling of the earth with glory indicates the cosmic scope of the transformation. This verse closes the psalm with the affirmation that righteous governance glorifies God and manifests the divine character.

Psalms 72:20

The brief note that this completes the prayers of David articulates that this psalm concludes a collection. This verse indicates the formal boundary of the collection and prepares the reader for subsequent material.