Matthew 24
The Olivet Discourse responds to the disciples' question about when the temple will be destroyed and what will be the sign of Jesus' coming and the end of the age. Jesus distinguishes between the two events: birth pains (wars, famines, earthquakes), the abomination of desolation in the holy place (Daniel's sign for the temple's imminent destruction), and the immediate need for flight from Judea — which refer to the 70 CE destruction — and the cosmic Son of Man coming after those days of distress, when the powers of heaven will be shaken and all the tribes of the earth will mourn. The timing of the first event (this generation will not pass away) is distinguished from the timing of the second (no one knows the day or hour, not the angels, not the Son, only the Father). The chapter's second half is dominated by the call to watch and be ready: as in the days of Noah, as the master who returned unexpectedly, the faithful and wise servant who gives the household food at the proper time versus the wicked servant who begins to beat his fellow servants.
Matthew 24:19
And alas for women who are pregnant and for those who are nursing infants in those days! The woe for pregnant and nursing women communicates the extreme difficulty of flight for those whose physical condition makes rapid movement impossible. The woe is not a condemnation but a compassionate lament over those who are most vulnerable in the moment of urgent flight.
Matthew 24:35
Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away. The permanence of Jesus' words contrasted with the impermanence of heaven and earth: the creation that seems most permanent will pass away; the words of Jesus will not. The permanence of Jesus' words is the foundation for the certainty of all the predictions in the Olivet Discourse.
Matthew 24:1
Jesus left the temple and was going away, when his disciples came to point out to him the buildings of the temple. The departure from the temple — the final departure, never to return as a teacher — is the occasion for the disciples' admiration of the temple buildings. The disciples who have just heard the temple declared desolate (Matthew 23:38) are pointing to the magnificent Herodian stones as if the judgment had not just been announced. The contrast between the disciples' awe and Jesus' impending announcement sets the tone for the Olivet Discourse.
Matthew 24:2
But he answered them: you see all these, do you not? Truly, I say to you, there will not be left here one stone upon another that will not be thrown down. The prediction of the temple's total destruction — not one stone upon another — is the historical prophecy that the Olivet Discourse will elaborate. The prophecy was fulfilled in 70 AD when the Roman general Titus destroyed the temple and left the foundation stones bare. The disciples' question in verse 3 reveals that they connected the temple's destruction with the end of the age.