Mark 13:9
You must be on your guard. You will be handed over to the local councils and flogged in the synagogues. On account of me you will stand before governors and kings as witnesses to them — the shift from cosmic signs to personal persecution is the disciples' specific experience of the birth-pain period. Handed over (paradidōmi) to councils — the same word used for Jesus' betrayal (14:10, 11, 18, 21, 41). The disciples' experience mirrors Jesus' experience: handed over, tried before authorities, as witnesses. The persecution is simultaneously a suffering and a mission opportunity.