Luke 17
The chapter opens with the stumbling-block warning, the forgiveness obligation (seven times in a day, forgive), and the disciples' request for increased faith, answered with the mustard-seed principle: the smallest faith is sufficient for the impossible because faith's power is not quantitative. The servant-who-has-done-his-duty parable addresses the disciples' potential expectation of merit reward: we are unworthy servants; we have only done our duty. The ten lepers healed on the way to Jerusalem, with only the Samaritan returning to give thanks, produces the you-faith-has-saved-you declaration that communicates a deeper restoration than the cleansing received by all ten. The kingdom is not coming with observable signs — it is in your midst. The eschatological section addresses the Son of Man's coming: like lightning, universally visible, preceded by necessary suffering, arriving in the context of ordinary life (eating and drinking, buying and selling) as suddenly as the flood and the fire on Sodom. The life-saving/life-losing paradox, the selective judgment (one taken, one left), and the where-there-is-a-carcass-there-the-vultures-gather close the chapter.
Luke 17:23
People will tell you, there he is! Or here he is! Do not go running off after them — there he is, here he is: the false reports of the Son of Man's arrival that will attract followers. Do not go running off: the warning against chasing the reports. The authentic return will not require running toward a reported location.
Luke 17:5
The apostles said to the Lord, increase our faith — the apostles' request is the right response to the demands of verses 3–4: the forgiveness required is beyond ordinary human capacity. Increase our faith (prosthes hēmin pistin): the sense that what is being required exceeds current faith-capacity.
Luke 17:1
Jesus said to his disciples, things that cause people to stumble are bound to come, but woe to anyone through whom they come — the stumbling-block saying opens the chapter's teaching on forgiveness, faith, and the kingdom's coming. Things that cause people to stumble are bound to come (anendekton estin tou ta skandala mē elthein, it is impossible for the stumbling blocks not to come): the necessity of temptations in the present age. But woe to the person through whom they come: the necessity does not remove the responsibility.
Luke 17:2
It would be better for them to be thrown into the sea with a millstone tied around their neck than to cause one of these little ones to stumble — better to be drowned with a millstone: the severity of the warning about causing the little ones (micron, the young in faith, the vulnerable disciples) to stumble. The millstone is the large donkey-powered grinding stone — thrown into the sea attached to the neck is the image of permanent submersion.
Luke 17:3
So watch yourselves. If your brother or sister sins against you, rebuke them; and if they repent, forgive them — watch yourselves: the self-monitoring command that makes the following instructions applicable. If they sin against you, rebuke them: the responsibility to confront. If they repent, forgive them: the condition of repentance in Luke (unlike Matthew 18:22 where the forgiveness is unconditional) produces the forgiveness.