Leviticus 6
Chapter six addresses the offerings from the priests' perspective rather than the offerer's. The guilt offering extends into interpersonal ethics: deception, theft, fraud, false oaths, and keeping found property all require the guilt offering with financial restitution to the wronged party. The regulations then shift to the priestly handling of each offering type. The burnt offering must remain on the altar through the night; the altar fire must never go out — a lasting ordinance. The grain offering's priestly portions are most holy and must be eaten in the sanctuary, without yeast. The priestly ordination grain offering is burned entirely rather than eaten by the priests — when priests offer their own grain offering, it cannot also become their food. The sin offering regulations establish that the officiating priest eats the sin offering whose blood stayed in the courtyard, while the sin offering whose blood entered the tent of meeting is burned outside the camp.
Leviticus 6:6
And as a penalty they must bring to the priest, that is, to the Lord, a ram without defect from the flock, one of the proper value as a guilt offering. The guilt offering ram after the material restitution is the offering to the Lord — the atonement for the relational damage with God that the interpersonal sin caused. The description of the ram brought to the priest as being brought to the Lord communicates the mediating role of the priesthood: to bring to the priest is to bring to the Lord. The priest represents God in receiving the offering; the offerer who approaches the priest is approaching God.
Leviticus 6:7
The priest will make atonement for them before the Lord, and they will be forgiven for any of these things they did that made them guilty. The atonement and forgiveness formula closes the interpersonal guilt offering section. The guilt that arises from deception, theft, and false swearing between neighbors is forgiven through the guilt offering to the Lord, after restitution is made to the neighbor. The comprehensive forgiveness — for any of these things they did that made them guilty — communicates the scope of the guilt offering's coverage: every act of interpersonal deception and material wrongdoing that is confessed, restored, and offered for is fully forgiven.
Leviticus 6:1
The Lord said to Moses. A new divine speech opens the second major section of the offering regulations: where Leviticus 1–5 addressed the offerings from the perspective of the offerer (what to bring and why), Leviticus 6–7 addresses the offerings from the perspective of the priests (how to handle what is brought). The shift from the congregation's obligations to the priesthood's obligations communicates the two-sided nature of the covenant's worship system: the people must bring correctly; the priests must handle correctly. Both obligations are equally divine commands, equally essential to the integrity of the covenant worship.