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Joshua 4

When all the nation had finished passing over the Jordan, the LORD said to Joshua,

“Take twelve men from the people, from each tribe a man,

and command them, saying, ‘Take twelve stones from here out of the midst of the Jordan, from the very place where the priests’ feet stood firmly, and bring them over with you and lay them down in the place where you lodge tonight.’”

Then Joshua called the twelve men from the people of Israel, whom he had appointed, a man from each tribe.

And Joshua said to them, “Pass on before the ark of the LORD your God into the midst of the Jordan, and take up each of you a stone upon his shoulder, according to the number of the tribes of the people of Israel,

that this may be a sign among you. When your children ask in time to come, ‘What do those stones mean to you?’

then you shall tell them that the waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD. When it passed over the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off. So these stones shall be to the people of Israel a memorial forever.”

And the people of Israel did just as Joshua commanded and took up twelve stones out of the midst of the Jordan, according to the number of the tribes of the people of Israel, just as the LORD told Joshua. And they carried them over with them to the place where they lodged and laid them down there.

And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of the Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests bearing the ark of the covenant had stood; and they are there to this day.

For the priests bearing the ark stood in the midst of the Jordan until everything was finished that the LORD commanded Joshua to tell the people, according to all that Moses had commanded Joshua. The people passed over in haste.

And when all the people had finished passing over, the ark of the LORD and the priests passed over before the people.

The sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh passed over armed before the people of Israel, as Moses had told them.

About 40,000 ready for war passed over before the LORD for battle, to the plains of Jericho.

On that day the LORD exalted Joshua in the sight of all Israel, and they stood in awe of him just as they had stood in awe of Moses, all the days of his life.

And the LORD said to Joshua,

“Command the priests bearing the ark of the testimony to come up out of the Jordan.”

So Joshua commanded the priests, “Come up out of the Jordan.”

And when the priests bearing the ark of the covenant of the LORD came up from the midst of the Jordan, and the soles of the priests’ feet were lifted up on dry ground, the waters of the Jordan returned to their place and overflowed all its banks, as before.

The people came up out of the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and they encamped at Gilgal on the east border of Jericho.

And those twelve stones, which they took out of the Jordan, Joshua set up at Gilgal.

And he said to the people of Israel, “When your children ask their fathers in times to come, ‘What do these stones mean?’

then you shall let your children know, ‘Israel passed over this Jordan on dry ground.’

For the LORD your God dried up the waters of the Jordan for you until you passed over, as the LORD your God did to the Red Sea, which he dried up for us until we passed over,

so that all the peoples of the earth may know that the hand of the LORD is mighty, that you may fear the LORD your God forever.”

Scripture quotations marked “ESV” are from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), © 2001 by Crossway. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

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Joshua 4

The memorial of twelve stones, one from each tribe taken from the Jordan's bed, transforms the dry crossing site into a sign (ōt) of YHWH's faithfulness and Israel's covenant identity. Joshua explains the memorial's purpose: 'When your children ask their fathers in time to come, What do these stones mean? then you shall let your children know' (4:6-7). The liturgical function of the stones—to provoke remembrance (zkr, to call to mind) across generations—establishes a rhythm of testimony and renewal central to Israel's covenantal life. The chapter closes with Israel camped at Gilgal and Joshua's renewed authority paralleling Moses, signaling that the succession is complete and the age of conquest has begun.

Joshua 4:1

When all the nation had finished crossing over the Jordan, the LORD said to Joshua — God's address to Joshua occurs at the moment when the entire nation has completed the crossing, marking a threshold at which divine instruction shifts from enabling the crossing to establishing its memorial significance.

Joshua 4:2

Take twelve men from the people, one from each tribe — the twelve men previously selected are now commissioned for their specific task: gathering stones from the Jordan.

Joshua 4:3

And command them, 'Take twelve stones from here out of the middle of the Jordan, in the place where the priests' feet stood firm, and carry them over with you, and lay them down in the place where you lodge tonight' — Joshua commands the gathering of stones from the exact spot where the priests stood bearing the ark. This verse establishes the principle of physical memorial.

Joshua 4:4

Then Joshua called the twelve men from the people of Israel, whom he had appointed

Joshua 4:5

and Joshua said to them, 'Pass before the ark of the LORD your God into the middle of the Jordan, and each of you take up a stone on his shoulder, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel

Joshua 4:6

That this may be a sign among you; when your children ask in time to come, 'What do these stones mean to you?' — the primary purpose of the memorial is to create a sign that prompts future questioning and explanation. The anticipation of children's questions frames the memorial as a pedagogical tool.

Joshua 4:7

then you shall tell them that the waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it crossed over the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off; and these stones shall be a memorial to the people of Israel forever

Joshua 4:8

So the people of Israel did as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the middle of the Jordan, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel, just as the LORD had commanded Joshua; and they carried them over with them to the place where they lodged, and laid them down there

Joshua 4:9

And Joshua set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests bearing the ark of the covenant had stood; and they are there to this day

Joshua 4:10

Now the priests bearing the ark stood in the middle of the Jordan until everything was finished that the LORD had commanded Joshua to tell the people, according to all that Moses had commanded Joshua; and the people hurried and crossed over

Joshua 4:11

When all the people had finished crossing, the ark of the LORD and the priests passed over before the people

Joshua 4:12

And the men of Reuben and the men of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh crossed over armed before the people of Israel, as Moses had said to them

Joshua 4:13

About forty thousand armed men crossed over before the LORD for battle to the plains of Jericho

Joshua 4:14

That day the LORD exalted Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they feared him, as they had feared Moses, all the days of his life

Joshua 4:15

Then the LORD said to Joshua

Joshua 4:16

'Command the priests who bear the ark of the testimony to come up out of the Jordan'

Joshua 4:17

So Joshua commanded the priests, 'Come up out of the Jordan'

Joshua 4:18

And when the priests bearing the ark of the covenant of the LORD came up out of the Jordan, and the soles of the feet of the priests were lifted up on the dry ground, the waters of the Jordan returned and overflowed all its banks, as before

Joshua 4:19

The people came up out of the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and they encamped in Gilgal on the east border of Jericho

Joshua 4:20

And those twelve stones which they took out of the Jordan, Joshua set up in Gilgal

Joshua 4:21

And he said to all the people of Israel, 'When your children ask their fathers in time to come, saying, "What do these stones mean?"' — Joshua reiterates the memorial purpose and frames it as an intergenerational dialogue.

Joshua 4:22

then you shall let your children know, saying, 'Israel crossed this Jordan on dry ground'

Joshua 4:23

For the LORD your God dried up the waters of the Jordan before you until you had crossed over, as the LORD your God did to the Red Sea, which he dried up before us, until we had passed over

Joshua 4:24

so that all the peoples of the earth may know that the hand of the LORD is mighty, and so that you may fear the LORD your God forever