James 4:17
If anyone, then, knows the right thing to do and doesn't do it, it is sin for them — the principle establishes that sin is not merely transgression of explicit command but failure to do good that one knows is right. The Greek oida (to know) suggests not intellectual awareness alone but informed understanding. The failure is characterized immediately as hamartia (sin), establishing omission as ethically culpable as commission. This broadens the definition of sin beyond explicit vice to include failure of virtue.