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Ezekiel 10

1

Then I looked, and, behold, in the firmament that was above the head of the cherubims there appeared over them as it were a sapphire stone, as the appearance of the likeness of a throne.

2

And he spake unto the man clothed with linen, and said, Go in between the wheels, even under the cherub, and fill thine hand with coals of fire from between the cherubims, and scatter them over the city. And he went in in my sight.

3

Now the cherubims stood on the right side of the house, when the man went in; and the cloud filled the inner court.

4

Then the glory of the Lord went up from the cherub, and stood over the threshold of the house; and the house was filled with the cloud, and the court was full of the brightness of the Lord’s glory.

5

And the sound of the cherubims’ wings was heard even to the outer court, as the voice of the Almighty God when he speaketh.

1
6

And it came to pass, that when he had commanded the man clothed with linen, saying, Take fire from between the wheels, from between the cherubims; then he went in, and stood beside the wheels.

7

And one cherub stretched forth his hand from between the cherubims unto the fire that was between the cherubims, and took thereof, and put it into the hands of him that was clothed with linen: who took it, and went out.

8

And there appeared in the cherubims the form of a man’s hand under their wings.

9

And when I looked, behold the four wheels by the cherubims, one wheel by one cherub, and another wheel by another cherub: and the appearance of the wheels was as the colour of a beryl stone.

10

And as for their appearances, they four had one likeness, as if a wheel had been in the midst of a wheel.

11

When they went, they went upon their four sides; they turned not as they went, but to the place whither the head looked they followed it; they turned not as they went.

12

And their whole body, and their backs, and their hands, and their wings, and the wheels, were full of eyes round about, even the wheels that they four had.

13

As for the wheels, it was cried unto them in my hearing, O wheel.

14

And every one had four faces: the first face was the face of a cherub, and the second face was the face of a man, and the third the face of a lion, and the fourth the face of an eagle.

15

And the cherubims were lifted up. This is the living creature that I saw by the river of Chebar.

16

And when the cherubims went, the wheels went by them: and when the cherubims lifted up their wings to mount up from the earth, the same wheels also turned not from beside them.

17

When they stood, these stood; and when they were lifted up, these lifted up themselves also: for the spirit of the living creature was in them.

18

Then the glory of the Lord departed from off the threshold of the house, and stood over the cherubims.

19

And the cherubims lifted up their wings, and mounted up from the earth in my sight: when they went out, the wheels also were beside them, and every one stood at the door of the east gate of the Lord’s house; and the glory of the God of Israel was over them above.

20

This is the living creature that I saw under the God of Israel by the river of Chebar; and I knew that they were the cherubims.

21

Every one had four faces apiece, and every one four wings; and the likeness of the hands of a man was under their wings.

22

And the likeness of their faces was the same faces which I saw by the river of Chebar, their appearances and themselves: they went every one straight forward.

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Ezekiel 10

The glory of the Lord ascends from the cherubim, moves to the threshold of the temple, and departs toward the east, dramatically visualizing the removal of divine presence from Jerusalem following the temple's defilement. This chapter fulfills the judgment theology established in chapters 8-9: as the faithful are marked and the unfaithful destroyed, God's own presence withdraws, signifying that the city and temple have become spiritually vacant. The detailed description of the moving wheels and merkabah emphasizes that God's throne is not bound to the temple's permanence; divine presence is mobile, transcendent, and responsive to covenant violation. The movement toward the east—toward exile—suggests that God accompanies the deportees, establishing a foundational theological claim for exilic literature: divine presence is not geographically constrained. The glory-departure motif appears throughout Ezekiel and constitutes one of the prophecy's central theological problems: if God has departed, how can restoration occur? This chapter's vision establishes that subsequent restoration chapters must address the reversal of this departure. The merkabah theology establishes continuity between the inaugural vision (chapter 1) and current reality, demonstrating that the transcendent God witnessed in chapter 1 remains sovereign despite Jerusalem's destruction.

Ezekiel 10:16

Coordinated creatures-and-wheels motion; creatures lifting wings, wheels remaining aligned as creatures ascend.

Ezekiel 10:17

Perfect synchronization achieved through shared-spirit animation; unified consciousness ensures coordinated motion throughout.

Ezekiel 10:18

Shekinah departs threshold and stands over cherubim—next departure stage; divine glory about to ride merkabah-chariot away.

Ezekiel 10:1

Sapphire throne appearing above cherubim recalls initial vision; throne's appearance signals YHWH's departure through merkabah-chariot.

Ezekiel 10:2

Linen-clothed figure gathers burning coals from between cherubim and scatters over city; coals symbolize executed judgment originating from YHWH's throne-room.

Ezekiel 10:3

Cherubim move to temple's right side; cloud fills inner court as divine presence withdraws from holy of holies preparing final departure.

Ezekiel 10:4

Shekinah moves further from cherubim-position to threshold and rises higher; house filled with cloud and court filled with glory-brightness; transition indicates presence still visible yet in-process-of-leaving.

Ezekiel 10:5

Creatures' wings' sound resounds throughout temple structure; auditory divine-presence signal manifests as merkabah prepares departure.

Ezekiel 10:6

Commanded linen-clothed scribe moves beside wheels gathering burning coals; positioning suggests proximity to merkabah-throne.

Ezekiel 10:7

Cherub extends hand providing scribe with burning coals; cherub's involvement indicates judgment mediates through heavenly creatures from YHWH's throne-room.

Ezekiel 10:8

Creatures' human-hands appearance visible as they participate in coals-gathering; hands represent divine agency and intentionality.

Ezekiel 10:9

Four wheels by cherubim establish merkabah-chariot's presence and mobility; precious-stone-quality preserves beauty despite judgment-execution.

Ezekiel 10:10

Wheels-within-wheels design's concentric structure suggests multiplied complexity and multidirectional awareness of divine creation-governance.

Ezekiel 10:11

Four-sides creatures' movement forward without turning reiterates inexorable undeviating motion; predetermined direction followed.

Ezekiel 10:12

All-encompassing eyes saturate all merkabah-components emphasizing nothing escapes divine awareness.

Ezekiel 10:13

Wheels alternatively named whirlwind suggests divine whirling-motion instruments.

Ezekiel 10:14

Four faces of each creature described; first face as cherub (differing from chapter 1's human-first face) suggests merkabah-perception varies or vision-variations reflect Ezekiel's apprehension-differences.

Ezekiel 10:15

Creatures identified as those seen by Kebar River; initial vision's repeat with variations creates continuity-sense.

Ezekiel 10:19

Creatures lift wings, merkabah rises, entire apparatus moves east-gate-ward; divine glory transported away from sanctuary on merkabah-chariot. East-gate significance: later Jewish tradition expected Shekinah's eventual return from this direction.

Ezekiel 10:20

Creatures identified as cherubim; prophet's recognition confirms witnessing Shekinah's merkabah-departure.

Ezekiel 10:21

Multiple-faces and -wings emphasis underscores superhuman nature and multidirectional movement-capacity.

Ezekiel 10:22

Continuity confirmation: chapter-1's merkabah and temple-departing chariot-throne identical; creatures maintain forward characteristic motion.