HolyStudy
Bible IndexRead BibleNotesChurchesMissionPrivacyTermsContact
© 2026 HolyStudy
HomeRead BibleBible NotesChurchesSign in
HolyStudy
HomeRead BibleBible NotesChurches
Sign in

2 Samuel 3

1

Now there was long war between the house of Saul and the house of David: but David waxed stronger and stronger, and the house of Saul waxed weaker and weaker.

2

And unto David were sons born in Hebron: and his firstborn was Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess;

3

And his second, Chileab, of Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite; and the third, Absalom the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur;

4

And the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith; and the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital;

5

And the sixth, Ithream, by Eglah David’s wife. These were born to David in Hebron.

6

And it came to pass, while there was war between the house of Saul and the house of David, that Abner made himself strong for the house of Saul.

7

And Saul had a concubine, whose name was Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah: and Ish–bosheth said to Abner, Wherefore hast thou gone in unto my father’s concubine?

8

Then was Abner very wroth for the words of Ish–bosheth, and said, Am I a dog’s head, which against Judah do shew kindness this day unto the house of Saul thy father, to his brethren, and to his friends, and have not delivered thee into the hand of David, that thou chargest me to day with a fault concerning this woman?

9

So do God to Abner, and more also, except, as the Lord hath sworn to David, even so I do to him;

10

To translate the kingdom from the house of Saul, and to set up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, from Dan even to Beer–sheba.

11

And he could not answer Abner a word again, because he feared him.

12

And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf, saying, Whose is the land? saying also, Make thy league with me, and, behold, my hand shall be with thee, to bring about all Israel unto thee.

1
13

And he said, Well; I will make a league with thee: but one thing I require of thee, that is, Thou shalt not see my face, except thou first bring Michal Saul’s daughter, when thou comest to see my face.

14

And David sent messengers to Ish–bosheth Saul’s son, saying, Deliver me my wife Michal, which I espoused to me for an hundred foreskins of the Philistines.

1
15

And Ish–bosheth sent, and took her from her husband, even from Phaltiel the son of Laish.

16

And her husband went with her along weeping behind her to Bahurim. Then said Abner unto him, Go, return. And he returned.

1
17

And Abner had communication with the elders of Israel, saying, Ye sought for David in times past to be king over you:

18

Now then do it: for the Lord hath spoken of David, saying, By the hand of my servant David I will save my people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies.

19

And Abner also spake in the ears of Benjamin: and Abner went also to speak in the ears of David in Hebron all that seemed good to Israel, and that seemed good to the whole house of Benjamin.

20

So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty men with him. And David made Abner and the men that were with him a feast.

1
21

And Abner said unto David, I will arise and go, and will gather all Israel unto my lord the king, that they may make a league with thee, and that thou mayest reign over all that thine heart desireth. And David sent Abner away; and he went in peace.

22

And, behold, the servants of David and Joab came from pursuing a troop, and brought in a great spoil with them: but Abner was not with David in Hebron; for he had sent him away, and he was gone in peace.

23

When Joab and all the host that was with him were come, they told Joab, saying, Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he hath sent him away, and he is gone in peace.

1
24

Then Joab came to the king, and said, What hast thou done? behold, Abner came unto thee; why is it that thou hast sent him away, and he is quite gone?

25

Thou knowest Abner the son of Ner, that he came to deceive thee, and to know thy going out and thy coming in, and to know all that thou doest.

26

And when Joab was come out from David, he sent messengers after Abner, which brought him again from the well of Sirah: but David knew it not.

27

And when Abner was returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside in the gate to speak with him quietly, and smote him there under the fifth rib, that he died, for the blood of Asahel his brother.

28

And afterward when David heard it, he said, I and my kingdom are guiltless before the Lord for ever from the blood of Abner the son of Ner:

29

Let it rest on the head of Joab, and on all his father’s house; and let there not fail from the house of Joab one that hath an issue, or that is a leper, or that leaneth on a staff, or that falleth on the sword, or that lacketh bread.

30

So Joab and Abishai his brother slew Abner, because he had slain their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle.

31

And David said to Joab, and to all the people that were with him, Rend your clothes, and gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner. And king David himself followed the bier.

32

And they buried Abner in Hebron: and the king lifted up his voice, and wept at the grave of Abner; and all the people wept.

33

And the king lamented over Abner, and said, Died Abner as a fool dieth?

34

Thy hands were not bound, nor thy feet put into fetters: as a man falleth before wicked men, so fellest thou. And all the people wept again over him.

35

And when all the people came to cause David to eat meat while it was yet day, David sware, saying, So do God to me, and more also, if I taste bread, or ought else, till the sun be down.

36

And all the people took notice of it, and it pleased them: as whatsoever the king did pleased all the people.

37

For all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was not of the king to slay Abner the son of Ner.

38

And the king said unto his servants, Know ye not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel?

39

And I am this day weak, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah be too hard for me: the Lord shall reward the doer of evil according to his wickedness.

← Previous ChapterNext Chapter →

2 Samuel 3

Abner's defection to David accelerates the consolidation of the kingdom, yet his assassination by Joab introduces the theme of blood vengeance and the cost of David's rise. David's shrewd diplomatic response demonstrates his political acumen and his willingness to operate within the structures of power. Yet Joab's murder of Abner introduces the figure of Joab as a force of ambition and violence that will shadow David's reign throughout the book. David's public dissociation from the murder establishes a pattern that will recur: David claims innocence and appeals to YHWH even as his allies commit acts of blood that advance his cause, raising questions about the relationship between personal righteousness and the consequences of one's associates' actions. The chapter traces the formal deaths of Saul's remaining heirs, clearing the way for David's universal kingship, yet the accumulation of these deaths creates an interpretive problem that the book never entirely resolves. The theological register is one of providential movement toward YHWH's purposes mixed with the troubling reality that human ambition and bloodshed are the instruments through which those purposes advance.

2 Samuel 3:1

The war between the house of Saul and the house of David lasted years of civil conflict. David grew stronger while Saul's house grew weaker, reflecting the Lord's word that David's dynasty would prevail while Saul's was rejected.

2 Samuel 3:2

Sons were born to David in Hebron - Amnon, Daniel, Absalom, Adonijah, Shephatiah, and Ithream - each from different mothers. These multiple heirs expanded David's dynastic claim through diverse alliances.

2 Samuel 3:3

Chileab was born to Maacah, daughter of Talmai king of Geshur. This foreign marriage shows David's diplomatic reach into surrounding kingdoms during the civil war.

2 Samuel 3:4

Absalom, David's third son, was born to Maacah of Geshur. Though he appears unremarkable here, Absalom would later bring David great tragedy through rebellion.

2 Samuel 3:5

Adonijah, born to Haggith, would later compete with Solomon for the throne. His name invokes the Lord, yet his actions revealed ambition that defied covenantal succession.

2 Samuel 3:6

Shephatiah was born to Abital, and Ithream to Eglah. The enumeration of David's sons shows his expanding household and dynastic security through multiple heirs.

2 Samuel 3:7

While war continued, Abner made himself strong in Saul's house, becoming the true power behind puppet-king Ish-bosheth. His growing authority revealed Ish-bosheth's weakness.

2 Samuel 3:8

Ish-bosheth finally confronted Abner about lying with Rizpah, Saul's concubine. This act was Abner's claim to royal power, marking his independence from his nominal king.

2 Samuel 3:9

Abner's response was explosive anger at Ish-bosheth's presumption. He treated the puppet king with contempt, revealing that Abner's true power superseded Ish-bosheth's nominal authority.

2 Samuel 3:10

Ish-bosheth could not answer Abner - his silence revealed total powerlessness. The puppet king lacked standing to challenge his own general's authority.

2 Samuel 3:11

Abner sent messengers to David proposing a covenant transfer. The general offered to deliver all Israel to David in exchange for formal alliance.

2 Samuel 3:12

David accepted but demanded first the return of Michal, his former wife. This demand was both personal and political - Michal's return would symbolize David's claim to Saul's estate.

2 Samuel 3:13

David sent messengers to Ish-bosheth demanding Michal, citing his prior covenant engagement for a hundred Philistine foreskins. The legal claim was unquestionable.

2 Samuel 3:14

Ish-bosheth complied, showing his continued weakness. Michal was taken from her current husband Paltiel, who wept as she departed.

2 Samuel 3:15

Paltiel followed Michal weeping, showing his devotion. Abner ordered him to turn back, and Paltiel obeyed, ending his marriage to Michal through David's superior power.

2 Samuel 3:16

Abner conferred with Israel's tribal elders, persuading them that David was the Lord's chosen king. The elders recognized what they had long desired - acknowledgment of David's rightful rule.

2 Samuel 3:17

Abner spoke specifically to the Benjamites, Saul's own tribe. Even these most-resistant northerners accepted David through Abner's advocacy.

2 Samuel 3:18

Abner came to Hebron with twenty men, and David hosted a feast. The ceremonial hospitality sealed their covenant agreement.

2 Samuel 3:19

Abner promised to gather all Israel for David. The general's offer to deliver the northern tribes represented completion of the kingdom's unification.

2 Samuel 3:20

David sent Abner forth in peace to execute the gathering. The king's approval released Abner to bring Israel under unified covenant.

2 Samuel 3:21

Just as Abner departed, Joab arrived with David's troops fresh from raiding. The timing created immediate crisis - Joab learned of Abner's covenanting with David.

2 Samuel 3:22

Joab's anger was immediate upon learning that Abner had been sent in peace. The general saw in Abner the killer of his brother Asahel at Gibeon.

2 Samuel 3:23

Joab confronted David: Why did you send Abner away? Do you not know he came to deceive you? Joab justified his coming vendetta with false accusation of espionage.

2 Samuel 3:24

Joab claimed Abner came to learn David's secrets and overthrow him. This rationalization masked Joab's true motive - avenging Asahel's death through blood-feud justice.

2 Samuel 3:25

Joab sent messengers recalling Abner, claiming he desired private conversation. Abner returned unsuspecting of the ambush awaiting him.

2 Samuel 3:26

At the gate of Naamim, Joab pulled Abner aside privately and struck him down in the belly - the same fatal wound Abner had inflicted on Asahel. Symmetrical vengeance executed.

2 Samuel 3:27

David learned of Abner's murder and publicly disowned responsibility: I and my kingdom are innocent before the Lord of Abner's blood. His oath declared his innocence.

2 Samuel 3:28

David cursed Joab: May his blood rest on Joab's head and all his father's house. The curse invoked divine judgment upon Joab for violating covenant with Abner.

2 Samuel 3:29

David lamented: Should Abner die as a fool dies? His hands were not bound, his feet not fettered - showing how shamefully Abner fell to treachery.

2 Samuel 3:30

All the people wept over Abner, recognizing Israel's loss. The warrior-general who unified the kingdom was slain by Joab's vendetta.

2 Samuel 3:31

David commanded: As the Lord lives, Joab has done this thing and bears guilt. Yet David's power to punish Joab was limited - the general commanded the army.

2 Samuel 3:32

David personally followed Abner's bier to his burial at Hebron. The king's participation in funeral rites honored the slain general and rebuked his murderer.

2 Samuel 3:33

David wept at Abner's grave, expressing genuine covenant grief despite their former opposition. The lamentation showed David's mature heart toward even former enemies.

2 Samuel 3:34

Why did no one stop Joab from murdering Abner in cold blood? The Lord's justice would repay the evildoer according to his evil - David surrendered ultimate judgment to God.

2 Samuel 3:35

So Joab and Abishai his brother murdered Abner in vendetta for Asahel's death. The killing was murder, not justice, violating the covenant peace David had made.

2 Samuel 3:36

Yet all the people recognized that David himself had not authorized the murder. The king's public mourning and curse upon Joab established his innocence.

2 Samuel 3:37

David's weakness was evident: these men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too much for me. Though anointed king, David could not yet punish his own commanders.

2 Samuel 3:38

This impotence would characterize David's reign - Joab's wildness and murders would shadow his kingship. Yet David trusted God's ultimate judgment upon his general.

2 Samuel 3:39

May the Lord repay the evildoer according to his evil. David's final word surrendered vengeance to divine justice - the only power exceeding even the king's authority.