2 Corinthians 12
Paul narrates a mystical experience: 'I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago was caught up to the third heaven—whether in the body or out of the body I do not know; God knows'—a paradoxical claim of direct divine encounter and its incommunicability ('heard inexpressible things which mortals are not permitted to repeat'), elevating his credentials while simultaneously insisting on the hiddenness and untranslatable nature of divine revelation. The contrast between the celestial vision and the 'thorn in the flesh' (skolops, perhaps illness, physical suffering, or persecution) reveals the dialectic of exaltation and humiliation that structures Pauline apostleship: given to prevent him from being 'conceited because of the abundance of revelations,' the thorn is a gift (dorotheis) of divine grace. His threefold prayer for removal—'three times I appealed to the Lord about this'—echoes Christ's prayer in Gethsemane and solicits the definitive response: 'My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.' This formula—divine grace sufficiency and power-in-weakness—becomes Paul's supreme boast: 'I will boast all the more gladly of my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may rest upon me.' The reorientation is complete: what Paul would naturally boast about (visions, revelations) he now boasts about weakness; his weakness becomes the stage upon which Christ's power is displayed. The assertion 'I will boast of the things that show my weakness' rather than strength inverts all conventional standards of honor and demonstrates the fool's wisdom. The signs of a true apostle—'signs and wonders and mighty works'—are performed among the Corinthians; yet these are subordinated to the theology of weakness and cross. Paul's fear upon his impending third visit—'when I come I may find you not as I wish, and that you may find me not as you wish; there may be quarreling, jealousy, anger, selfishness, slander, gossip, conceit, and disorder'—surveys the moral and spiritual pathologies that threaten the community.