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2 Chronicles 28

1

Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem: but he did not that which was right in the sight of the Lord, like David his father:

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For he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, and made also molten images for Baalim.

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Moreover he burnt incense in the valley of the son of Hinnom, and burnt his children in the fire, after the abominations of the heathen whom the Lord had cast out before the children of Israel.

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He sacrificed also and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree.

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Wherefore the Lord his God delivered him into the hand of the king of Syria; and they smote him, and carried away a great multitude of them captives, and brought them to Damascus. And he was also delivered into the hand of the king of Israel, who smote him with a great slaughter.

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For Pekah the son of Remaliah slew in Judah an hundred and twenty thousand in one day, which were all valiant men; because they had forsaken the Lord God of their fathers.

7

And Zichri, a mighty man of Ephraim, slew Maaseiah the king’s son, and Azrikam the governor of the house, and Elkanah that was next to the king.

8

And the children of Israel carried away captive of their brethren two hundred thousand, women, sons, and daughters, and took also away much spoil from them, and brought the spoil to Samaria.

9

But a prophet of the Lord was there, whose name was Oded: and he went out before the host that came to Samaria, and said unto them, Behold, because the Lord God of your fathers was wroth with Judah, he hath delivered them into your hand, and ye have slain them in a rage that reacheth up unto heaven.

10

And now ye purpose to keep under the children of Judah and Jerusalem for bondmen and bondwomen unto you: but are there not with you, even with you, sins against the Lord your God?

11

Now hear me therefore, and deliver the captives again, which ye have taken captive of your brethren: for the fierce wrath of the Lord is upon you.

12

Then certain of the heads of the children of Ephraim, Azariah the son of Johanan, Berechiah the son of Meshillemoth, and Jehizkiah the son of Shallum, and Amasa the son of Hadlai, stood up against them that came from the war,

13

And said unto them, Ye shall not bring in the captives hither: for whereas we have offended against the Lord already, ye intend to add more to our sins and to our trespass: for our trespass is great, and there is fierce wrath against Israel.

14

So the armed men left the captives and the spoil before the princes and all the congregation.

15

And the men which were expressed by name rose up, and took the captives, and with the spoil clothed all that were naked among them, and arrayed them, and shod them, and gave them to eat and to drink, and anointed them, and carried all the feeble of them upon asses, and brought them to Jericho, the city of palm trees, to their brethren: then they returned to Samaria.

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16

At that time did king Ahaz send unto the kings of Assyria to help him.

17

For again the Edomites had come and smitten Judah, and carried away captives.

18

The Philistines also had invaded the cities of the low country, and of the south of Judah, and had taken Beth–shemesh, and Ajalon, and Gederoth, and Shocho with the villages thereof, and Timnah with the villages thereof, Gimzo also and the villages thereof: and they dwelt there.

19

For the Lord brought Judah low because of Ahaz king of Israel; for he made Judah naked, and transgressed sore against the Lord.

20

And Tilgath–pilneser king of Assyria came unto him, and distressed him, but strengthened him not.

21

For Ahaz took away a portion out of the house of the Lord, and out of the house of the king, and of the princes, and gave it unto the king of Assyria: but he helped him not.

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22

And in the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the Lord: this is that king Ahaz.

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23

For he sacrificed unto the gods of Damascus, which smote him: and he said, Because the gods of the kings of Syria help them, therefore will I sacrifice to them, that they may help me. But they were the ruin of him, and of all Israel.

24

And Ahaz gathered together the vessels of the house of God, and cut in pieces the vessels of the house of God, and shut up the doors of the house of the Lord, and he made him altars in every corner of Jerusalem.

25

And in every several city of Judah he made high places to burn incense unto other gods, and provoked to anger the Lord God of his fathers.

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Now the rest of his acts and of all his ways, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.

27

And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city, even in Jerusalem: but they brought him not into the sepulchres of the kings of Israel: and Hezekiah his son reigned in his stead.

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2 Chronicles 28

Ahaz, Jotham's son, 'did not do what was right in the sight of the LORD' but instead emulated the idolatrous practices of the northern kingdom, casting idols, even offering his own sons as sacrifices, and walking in the ways of Judah's enemies. The narrative catalogs Ahaz's covenant unfaithfulness with particular emphasis on the depth and breadth of his idolatry, suggesting that his defection from the LORD is comprehensive and dramatic in a way that brings swift and overwhelming judgment. When Aram and Israel attack Judah in a military coalition, they inflict massive casualties, and the narrative explicitly states that this defeat occurs 'because they had abandoned the LORD,' establishing directly that military defeat is the divine response to covenant unfaithfulness. Ahaz seeks help from the Assyrian king rather than the LORD, establishing a pattern of trusting human political alliance over covenantal prayer that will characterize his entire reign and that extends Judah's spiritual and political decline. The prophet Isaiah confronts Ahaz with a word from the LORD, offering him a sign of God's faithfulness and promise, but Ahaz refuses, hardening himself against the LORD's merciful approach and accelerating his own judgment. Ahaz's extensive sacrifices to foreign gods and his systematic desecration of the temple and its utensils represent a near-total reversal of the covenant faithfulness that had characterized Judah's greatest kings and suggest that apostasy, once begun, escalates rapidly without the restraining influence of fear of the LORD and respect for prophetic voices.

2 Chronicles 28:23

The death and succession — 'Now the rest of his acts and all his ways, from first to last, behold, they are written in the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel. And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city of Jerusalem, for they did not bring him into the tombs of the kings of Israel. And his son Hezekiah reigned in his place' (וישׁאר דברי אחז הראשׁנים והאחרונים הנם כתובים בספר מלכי יהודה וישׂראל וישׁכב אחז עם אבתיו ויקברוהו בעיר בירושׁלם כי לא הביאוהו לקברי מלכי ישׂראל). Ahaz dies and is buried in Jerusalem, but notably 'not in the tombs of the kings' (לא הביאוהו לקברי מלכי) — the burial denial reflects his apostasy. His son Hezekiah succeeds him, beginning the era of reform.

2 Chronicles 28:1

Ahaz's accession and apostasy — 'Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. And he did not do what was right in the sight of the LORD, like his father David, but he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel' (אחז בן עשׂרים שׁנה בממלכו וששׁ עשׂרה שׁנה מלך בירושׁלם ולא עשׂה הישׁר בעיני יהוה כדוד אביו). The assessment is immediately negative — Ahaz 'did not do what was right,' contrasting with David. The phrase 'walked in the ways of the kings of Israel' invokes northern apostasy as the paradigm.

2 Chronicles 28:2

Cultic violations — 'For he even made cast images for the Baals. And he made offerings in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, and burned his sons as an offering, according to the abominable practices of the nations whom the LORD drove out before the people of Israel' (כי עשׂה אלילים לבעלים והקטיר בגיא בן הנם וגם הביא בנים באשׁ כתועבות הגוים). Ahaz actively constructs Baal idols and, horrifyingly, engages in child sacrifice (המביא בנים באשׁ, burning his sons). The phrase 'according to the abominable practices' (כתועבות הגוים) indicates the violation of covenant law against human sacrifice.

2 Chronicles 28:3

The territorial losses — 'Therefore the LORD his God gave him into the hand of the king of Syria, who defeated him and took captive a great number of his people and brought them to Damascus' (לכן נתנו יהוה אלהיו בידי מלך ארם ויכוהו וישׁיו בו שׁבי רבים ויביאום דמשׁק). Divine judgment manifests as Aramean invasion and the capture of large populations. The sending to Damascus indicates mass deportation.

2 Chronicles 28:4

Northern invasion — 'And he was also given into the hand of the king of Israel, who defeated him with great slaughter' (וגם ביד מלך ישׂראל נתנו בהכאה גדולה). Simultaneously, the northern kingdom defeats Ahaz 'with great slaughter' (בהכאה גדולה). Ahaz faces enemies from north and northeast.

2 Chronicles 28:5

The northern slaughter — 'For Pekah son of Remaliah killed one hundred twenty thousand in Judah in one day, all of them men of valor, because they had forsaken the LORD, the God of their ancestors' (כי פקח בן רמליהו הרג בהודה מאה ועשׂרים אלף ביום אחד כולם בני חיל על כי עזבו את יהוה אלהי אבותם). The Chronicler attributes to Pekah of Israel the slaughter of 120,000 in a single day — an extraordinarily large number suggesting theological hyperbole. The causal phrase 'because they had forsaken the LORD' (על כי עזבו את יהוה) establishes religious apostasy as the underlying cause of military disaster.

2 Chronicles 28:6

Maaseiah the king's son killed — 'And Maaseiah the son of the king, and Azrikam the commander of the palace, and Elkanah the second in command of the king, were slain' (ויהרג מעשׂיהו בן המלך ועזריקם נגיד הבית ואלקנה משׁנה למלך). The killing of the king's son (Maaseiah) and palace officials represents a personal tragedy and political decapitation.

2 Chronicles 28:7

The northern capture — 'And the Israelites took captive two hundred thousand of their kin, women, sons, and daughters; they also took much booty from them and brought the booty to Samaria' (וישׁבו בני ישׂראל מאחיהם מאתיים אלף נשׁים בנים ובנות וגם שׁלל רב שׁלחו להם וישׂיאו את השׁלל לשׁמרונה). The capture of 200,000 women, children, and dependents, plus extensive booty, indicates mass displacement. The transportation to Samaria establishes northern control.

2 Chronicles 28:8

The prophet Oded's intervention — 'But a prophet of the LORD was there, whose name was Oded, and he went out before the army that came to Samaria, and said to them,

2 Chronicles 28:9

The prophet's moral challenge — 'And now you intend to subjugate the people of Judah and Jerusalem, male and female, as your slaves. But are there not with you sins against the LORD your God?' (ועתה אתם אמרים להכניע את בני יהודה וירושׁלם לעבדים ולשׁפחות והלוא אתכם אשׁמות עם יהוה אלהיכם). Oded challenges the northerners: do they not recognize their own sins before the LORD? The rhetorical question implies that enslaving Judahites will bring divine judgment on Israel.

2 Chronicles 28:10

The release proposal — 'Now hear me, and send back the captives from your kindred whom you have taken, for the fierce anger of the LORD is upon you' (עתה שׁמעו לי והשׁיבו את השׁבויים אשׁר שׁביתם מאחיכם כי חרון אף יהוה עליכם). Oded calls for the immediate release of the captives, grounding the appeal in the imminent divine wrath. The term 'your kindred' (מאחיכם, from your brothers) emphasizes shared covenant identity despite political division.

2 Chronicles 28:11

The northern leaders' response — 'So the armed men left the captives and the booty before the officers and all the assembly. And the men who were designated by name rose up and took the captives, and with the booty they clothed all that were naked among them; they provided them with food and drink, offered them oil to anoint themselves, put all the weak ones on donkeys, and brought them to their kinsfolk at Jericho, the city of palm trees' (וַיַּעַמְדוּ הַגִּבֹּרִים אֶת־הַשְּׁבוּיִים וְאֶת־הַשָּׁלָל לִפְנֵי הַשָּׂרִים וְכָל־הַקָּהָל). The northern leaders accede to Oded's moral appeal. They designate officers to restore the captives, providing food, drink, clothing, and transport. The humanitarian treatment — including anointing for wellness and carrying the weak — represents an unexpected covenantal conscience among the victorious northerners.

2 Chronicles 28:12

Jericho delivery — 'And they brought them to Jericho, the city of palm trees, among their kinsfolk. Then they returned to Samaria' (ויביאום יריחו עיר התמרים אל אחיהם וישׁובו שׁמרונה). The captives are returned to Jericho (יריחו), the gateway to Judah, delivering them safely to their people. The northerners' withdrawal (וישׁובו שׁמרונה) indicates the end of the punitive invasion.

2 Chronicles 28:13

Ahaz's continued apostasy — 'At that time King Ahaz sent to the king of Assyria for help, for the Edomites and the Philistines had again invaded Judah and taken captive some of them' (בעת ההיא שׁלח המלך אחז אל מלכי אשׁור לעזור לו). After the Aramean and Israelite defeats, Ahaz turns to Assyria for assistance. The phrase 'At that time' (בעת ההיא) indicates his foreign policy shift follows the military disasters.

2 Chronicles 28:14

Edomite and Philistine invasions — 'For the Edomites had again invaded and taken captive some of Judah, and the Philistines had spread out in the cities of the Shephelah and the Negeb of Judah, and had taken Beth-shemesh, Aijalon, Gederoth, Soco with its villages, Timnah with its villages, and Gimzo with its villages; and they settled there' (כי אדום באו וַיִּשְׁמְדוּ בִיהוּדָה). The enumeration of captured Philistine territories (Beth-shemesh, Aijalon, Gederoth, Soco, Timnah, Gimzo) documents Judah's territorial loss. The phrase 'they settled there' indicates permanent Philistine presence.

2 Chronicles 28:15

The religious crisis deepened — 'For the LORD brought Judah low because of Ahaz king of Israel, for he had acted without restraint in Judah and had been faithless to the LORD' (כי הכניע יהוה את יהודה בעבור אחז מלך ישׂראל כי הפריע בהודה ומעל מעל ביהוה). The theological explanation: the LORD 'brought Judah low' (הכניע יהודה) because of Ahaz's apostasy. The phrase 'acted without restraint' (הפריע) and 'had been faithless' (מעל מעל) describe active covenant violation.

2 Chronicles 28:16

The Assyrian appeal — treasures sent — 'And Ahaz took the silver and the gold that were found in the house of the LORD and in the treasuries of the king's house, and he sent a present to the king of Assyria' (וַיִּקַּח אַחָז אֶת־הַכָּסֶף וְאֶת־הַזָּהָב אֲשֶׁר נִמְצָא בְּבֵית־יְהוָה וּבְאוֹצְרוֹת בֵּית־הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַח לְמֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר). Ahaz plunders the temple and royal treasuries to pay Assyrian tribute. The verb 'took' (לקח) applied to sacred treasures indicates desecration.

2 Chronicles 28:17

Continuing Philistine pressure — 'For the Philistines had sent out raids and taken the cities of the Shephelah and the Negeb of Judah: Beth-shemesh, Aijalon, Gederoth, Soco with its villages, Timnah with its villages, and Gimzo with its villages; and they settled there' (כי הפלשׁתים פשׁטו בערי השׁפלה וגנב בנגב יהודה וילכדו את בית שׁמשׁ את אילון את גדרות את סוכו ודבר ואת תמנה ודבר ואת גמזו ודבר). Repetition of the Philistine territorial conquest emphasizes the loss. The kingdom's borders contract dramatically.

2 Chronicles 28:18

Temple desecration — altar replacement — 'And the LORD humbled Judah because of Ahaz king of Israel, for he had cast off restraint in Judah and had been faithless to the LORD. And Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria came against him and afflicted him instead of strengthening him' (ולמלך אשׁור הנחתיו ולא עזרהו). Despite paying tribute, Assyrian aid fails to materialize. The king 'afflicted him instead of strengthening him' (וַיִּצַּר לוֹ וְלֹא חִזְּקוֹ), indicating that Assyrian overlordship brings oppression.

2 Chronicles 28:19

The altar of Damascus — 'For Ahaz took the pieces of the house of the LORD and the pieces of the king's house and of the officials, and gave them to the king of Assyria; but it did not help him' (כי לקח אחז את הכלים בית יהוה ויקץ את כלי בית יהוה וישׁלחם מהבית יהוה). Ahaz systematically dismantles temple furnishings and redistributes them as Assyrian tribute. The phrase 'but it did not help him' (וְלֹא־עָזַר לוֹ) emphasizes the futility of appeasement.

2 Chronicles 28:20

Further desecration — 'In his distress he became yet more faithless to the LORD—this same King Ahaz. For he sacrificed to the gods of Damascus, which had defeated him, and said,

2 Chronicles 28:21

Temple closure and shutdown — 'So Ahaz gathered together the vessels of the house of God and cut them in pieces. He shut up the doors of the house of the LORD and made himself altars in every corner of Jerusalem' (ויקבץ אחז את כלי בית האלהים וקצץ את כלי בית יהוה וסגר את דלתות בית יהוה ויעשׂ לו מזבחות בכל פנות ירושׁלם). Ahaz's final apostasy involves destroying temple vessels (קצץ, cut into pieces), closing the temple doors (סגר את דלתות), and building private altars throughout Jerusalem. The temple is effectively shut down.

2 Chronicles 28:22

Provincial altars — 'And in every city of Judah he made high places to make offerings to other gods, provoking to anger the LORD, the God of his ancestors' (וּבְכָל־עִיר וָעִיר בִּנְיָמִן עָשָׂה בָמוֹת). Ahaz systematically constructs high places (במות) throughout Judah for pagan worship. The cumulative effect: comprehensive religious apostasy throughout the kingdom.

2 Chronicles 28:24

Ahaz's act of cutting the vessels of the house of God and shutting the doors of the Lord's house represents the most comprehensive desecration of the temple recorded in Chronicles, transforming the sanctuary from a place of covenant worship into an abandoned and violated space. The cutting of the vessels demonstrates active destruction of the instruments of worship, suggesting that Ahaz's rebellion extends beyond mere neglect to intentional obliteration of the cultic infrastructure through which covenant community maintained proper relationship with God. His shutting of the temple doors creates a physical barrier preventing access to the sanctuary, making the people's spiritual exile from the covenant community visible in architectural closure. This verse presents Ahaz's actions as exponentially worse than mere idolatry; his systematic dismantling of the temple represents an attempt to erase the institutional basis of covenant community, suggesting judgment of unprecedented severity.

2 Chronicles 28:25

Ahaz's construction of altars in every corner of Jerusalem manifests his comprehensive attempt to replace covenant worship with pagan religious practice throughout the kingdom's capital, demonstrating that his transgression aims at systematic religious reconstitution rather than covert idolatry. The proliferation of altars throughout the city suggests that Ahaz seeks to establish alternative religious infrastructure capable of displacing the temple-centered covenant practice, indicating a vision of wholesale spiritual reorganization. The specification of altars ''in every corner'' creates an image of comprehensive religious occupation, in which legitimate worship space becomes saturated with pagan alternatives. This verse demonstrates that Ahaz's rejection of the covenant involves not merely personal apostasy but an attempt to restructure the religious institutions and practices of the entire kingdom, making his reign a crisis not simply of individual faithlessness but of attempted systemic transformation of the covenant community.

2 Chronicles 28:26

The inscription that the remaining exploits of Ahaz and his ways are written in the book of the Kings of Israel and Judah establishes that a fuller historical account exists beyond the Chronicles summary. This archival reference preserves the principle that the Chronicles narrative operates selectively, highlighting theological interpretation rather than comprehensive historical detail, affirming that understanding covenant consequences requires prophetic lens rather than exhaustive biographical information. The term ''exploits'' (עֲשׂוֹתָיו) in the context of Ahaz's reign carries ironic weight, as his ''accomplishments'' are defined primarily by religious transgression and covenantal abandonment, suggesting that historical activity divorced from covenant faithfulness constitutes merely hollow achievement. The reference to archival records affirms that the theological truth of Ahaz's reign—that covenant violation generates judgment—coexists with historical complexity requiring fuller sources.

2 Chronicles 28:27

The death of Ahaz and his burial in Jerusalem yet outside the royal tombs establishes judgment even in death, as his body receives neither the honor of royal sepulcher nor the dignity of proper tribal inheritance. The specification that he was buried in Jerusalem rather than in the city of David (the royal cemetery) demonstrates that despite his kingship, Ahaz's covenant violation generated permanent exclusion from the honors accorded faithful rulers. His death marks the end of his attempt to erase covenant institutions, yet the narrative emphasizes that even death does not restore his honor, suggesting that some violations of covenant generate consequences extending beyond life into the treatment of the body and commemoration. This verse concludes Ahaz's account with the theological affirmation that covenant faithfulness shapes not only life and reign but extends to the ultimate markers of dignity and communal remembrance, and that those who systematically reject the Lord's covenant face ultimate dishonor even in death.