1 Kings 11
The account of Solomon's apostasy, in which he accumulates many foreign wives, builds high places for their gods, and ultimately turns away from YHWH to worship foreign deities, represents the theological nadir of his reign and the moment at which the covenantal fidelity that characterized David's relationship with YHWH is abandoned. The chapter opens with the notation that 'King Solomon loved many foreign women: the daughter of Pharaoh and Moabite, Ammonite, Edomite, Sidonian, and Hittite women.' Solomon's marriage alliances are motivated by political considerations, yet the narrative presents these alliances as violations of Israel's covenantal distinctiveness and as the means through which foreign religious practices penetrate the heart of the kingdom. The chapter details Solomon's apostasy: 'When Solomon was old, his wives turned away his heart after other gods; and his heart was not true to YHWH his God, as was the heart of his father David. For Solomon went after Ashtarte the goddess of the Sidonians, and after Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites.' The chapter records YHWH's judgment: because he has turned away from YHWH, YHWH will tear the kingdom from Solomon's hand and give it to his servant, yet YHWH will not do this during Solomon's lifetime but will wait until after his death. The chapter then details the adversaries whom YHWH raises up against Solomon. The theological significance lies in the demonstration that the Davidic covenant does not prevent the judgment and punishment of unfaithfulness; Solomon's apostasy sets in motion the events that will lead to the division of the kingdom.