Epiphanius

A monk of Palestine who became bishop of Salamis on Cyprus for nearly forty years, Epiphanius was Christian antiquity's great heresy-hunter. His Panarion — literally a 'medicine chest' — catalogues and refutes eighty heresies, offering an antidote for each sting, and in doing so preserves quotations from lost sects and writings found nowhere else. Reputedly fluent in five languages, he was fiercely suspicious of speculation and spent his last years campaigning against the influence of Origen's ideas. Blunt, tireless, and utterly sincere, he died at sea in 403, returning to Cyprus from an ill-advised expedition to Constantinople.

He named his heresy catalogue Panarion — 'medicine chest' — offering an antidote for each of the eighty heresies it describes.