Numbers 28
31 verses
The complete sacrificial calendar prescribes a perpetual offering system (olat tamid, 'continual burnt offering') consisting of daily lambs at morning and evening, augmented by additional offerings on the Sabbath (two extra lambs), each new month (bull, ram, seven lambs), Passover (seven days of offerings), Firstfruits (one day of celebration), Trumpets (the first day of the seventh month), and Tabernacles (continuing through the eighth day). The calendar's structure—daily (tamid), weekly (Sabbath), monthly, annual—establishes a rhythm of perpetual devotion that orders Israel's temporal experience and makes sacrifice the constitutive practice of covenant community. Each offering is accompanied by specific grain and drink offerings, creating a standardized ritual language that allows variation within structure; the numbers increase progressively (one lamb becomes seven, seven becomes thirteen for Tabernacles), suggesting that sacred time is marked by intensifying devotion. The detailed enumeration of offerings—the chapter prescribes precise numbers of bulls, rams, lambs, and the corresponding grain and drink quantities—transforms abstract devotion into concrete, measurable practice and establishes accountability within the priesthood for maintaining the calendar's exactness. The calendar's placement after the second census and Joshua's commissioning but before the Day of Atonement (chapter 29) suggests that Israel's future in Canaan will be structured by this perpetual rhythm of offerings, making sacrifice the default practice of a settled community. The connection between Passover (remembrance of exodus) and Firstfruits (celebration of harvest) to Tabernacles (commemoration of wilderness wandering) creates a narrative arc within the calendar itself, making the cycle a yearly reenactment of salvation history. Numbers 28's systematic approach to sacrifice models how covenant community is maintained not through extraordinary acts but through ordinary, repetitive devotion, establishing that faithfulness is quantifiable and that the covenant's continuation depends on the priesthood's precise execution of the calendar.
VERSES IN THIS CHAPTER
1
And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,
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2
Command the children of Israel, and say unto them, My offering, and my bread for my sacrifices made by fire, for a sweet savour unto me, shall ye observe to offer unto me in their due season.
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3
And thou shalt say unto them, This is the offering made by fire which ye shall offer unto the Lord; two lambs of the first year without spot day by day, for a continual burnt offering.
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4
The one lamb shalt thou offer in the morning, and the other lamb shalt thou offer at even;
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5
And a tenth part of an ephah of flour for a meat offering, mingled with the fourth part of an hin of beaten oil.
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6
It is a continual burnt offering, which was ordained in mount Sinai for a sweet savour, a sacrifice made by fire unto the Lord.
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7
And the drink offering thereof shall be the fourth part of an hin for the one lamb: in the holy place shalt thou cause the strong wine to be poured unto the Lord for a drink offering.
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8
And the other lamb shalt thou offer at even: as the meat offering of the morning, and as the drink offering thereof, thou shalt offer it, a sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the Lord.
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9
And on the sabbath day two lambs of the first year without spot, and two tenth deals of flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, and the drink offering thereof:
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10
This is the burnt offering of every sabbath, beside the continual burnt offering, and his drink offering.
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11
And in the beginnings of your months ye shall offer a burnt offering unto the Lord; two young bullocks, and one ram, seven lambs of the first year without spot;
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12
And three tenth deals of flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, for one bullock; and two tenth deals of flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, for one ram;
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13
And a several tenth deal of flour mingled with oil for a meat offering unto one lamb; for a burnt offering of a sweet savour, a sacrifice made by fire unto the Lord.
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14
And their drink offerings shall be half an hin of wine unto a bullock, and the third part of an hin unto a ram, and a fourth part of an hin unto a lamb: this is the burnt offering of every month throughout the months of the year.
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15
And one kid of the goats for a sin offering unto the Lord shall be offered, beside the continual burnt offering, and his drink offering.
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16
And in the fourteenth day of the first month is the passover of the Lord.
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17
And in the fifteenth day of this month is the feast: seven days shall unleavened bread be eaten.
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18
In the first day shall be an holy convocation; ye shall do no manner of servile work therein:
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19
But ye shall offer a sacrifice made by fire for a burnt offering unto the Lord; two young bullocks, and one ram, and seven lambs of the first year: they shall be unto you without blemish:
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20
And their meat offering shall be of flour mingled with oil: three tenth deals shall ye offer for a bullock, and two tenth deals for a ram;
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21
A several tenth deal shalt thou offer for every lamb, throughout the seven lambs:
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22
And one goat for a sin offering, to make an atonement for you.
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23
Ye shall offer these beside the burnt offering in the morning, which is for a continual burnt offering.
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24
After this manner ye shall offer daily, throughout the seven days, the meat of the sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the Lord: it shall be offered beside the continual burnt offering, and his drink offering.
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25
And on the seventh day ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work.
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26
Also in the day of the firstfruits, when ye bring a new meat offering unto the Lord, after your weeks be out, ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work:
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27
But ye shall offer the burnt offering for a sweet savour unto the Lord; two young bullocks, one ram, seven lambs of the first year;
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28
And their meat offering of flour mingled with oil, three tenth deals unto one bullock, two tenth deals unto one ram,
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29
A several tenth deal unto one lamb, throughout the seven lambs;
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30
And one kid of the goats, to make an atonement for you.
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31
Ye shall offer them beside the continual burnt offering, and his meat offering, (they shall be unto you without blemish) and their drink offerings.
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