“Again, ye have heard that it hath been said by them of old time, Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths:”
Again you have heard that it was said to those of ancient times, You shall not swear falsely, but shall perform to the Lord what you have sworn. The fourth antithesis addresses oath-taking. The tradition drew on Leviticus 19:12 and Numbers 30:2 to prohibit false oaths — oaths sworn in God's name that were then broken. The culture had developed a hierarchy of oaths based on what was sworn by: oaths by heaven, by earth, by Jerusalem, by one's head. Jesus will address the ingenuity behind these distinctions in verses 34–37.
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