Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him. The list closes with the two politically extreme figures: Simon the Zealot, whose designation may indicate association with the revolutionary movement that sought violent overthrow of Roman rule, and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him. The inclusion of Judas in the list is not an editorial slip but a theological statement: the one who will betray Jesus was part of the twelve who were sent, received the authority, and heard the commission. The betrayal does not invalidate the mission; it is part of the story of the mission's fulfillment.

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