“And they took him, and killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard.”
So they took him and killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard — the killing of the son is described simply and completely: took, killed, threw out. The throwing out of the vineyard (outside the city) is an anticipation of Jesus' crucifixion outside Jerusalem (Hebrews 13:12: Jesus suffered outside the city gate). The sequence took/killed/threw out inverts the resurrection pattern (died, buried, raised) but will be reversed by the owner's response.
Church Fathers on Mark 12:8
After the Lord had closed the mouths of His tempters by a wise question, He next shews their wickedness in a parable.
God the Father is called a man by a human conception. The vineyard is the house of Israel; the hedge is the guardianship of Angels; the winefat is the law, the tower is the temple, and the husbandmen, the priests.
Or else, the hedge is the wall of the city, the winefat is the altar, or those winefats, by which three psalms receive their name.
Read all 22 entries in the readerCatena Aurea · St. Thomas Aquinas, tr. J. H. Newman · public domain
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