The retrospective reference to God's covenant with Levi—established with fear and trembling—presents an idealized past against which current priestly failure becomes especially egregious. The covenantal promise originally granted life and peace to the faithful Levite, establishing a perpetual priesthood dependent on continued faithfulness. The invocation of this covenant history serves as both reminder and implicit warning: the same covenant that once secured priestly blessing now threatens judgment if violated. This verse grounds the prophetic critique in covenantal history, showing that present corruption contradicts the foundational purpose of Levi's election.

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