“Now it came to pass, when Adoni–zedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;”
Adoni-zedek hears of Israel's treaties — Adoni-zedek, king of Jerusalem, heard how Joshua had taken Ai and had devoted it to destruction (כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה אֶת־יְרִיחוֹ וְאֶת־מְלַכָּהּ)—doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho. He hears also of the treaty with Gibeon (וַיִּשְׁמְרוּ־לִגִּבְעוֹן בְרִית) and how Gibeon made peace with Israel. Adoni-zedek's ('my lord is righteous') name is ironic—his righteousness will be tested in covenant-breaking. The southern coalition forms in response to Gibeon's defection from Canaanite unity.
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