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JOHN 12:39 — KING JAMES VERSION 0
John 12:38John 12:40
Therefore they could not believe, because that Esaias said again,
For this reason they could not believe, because, as Isaiah says elsewhere — John introduces a second Isaiah quotation to explain the deeper cause of unbelief: not mere rejection but inability to believe rooted in divine action.

Church Fathers on John 12:39

And thus the Evangelist tacitly explains it, when he adds, But though He had done so many miracles before them, yet they believed not on Him.

Chrysostom · 4th century

He means the miracles related above. It was no small wickedness to disbelieve against such miracles as those.

Theophylact · 11th century

It is evident here that the arm of the Lord is the Son of God Himself. Not that the Father has a human fleshly form; He is called the arm of the Lord, because all things v ere made by Him. If a man had power of such a kind, as that without any motion of his body, what he said was forthwith done, the word of that man would be his arm. Here is no ground to justify, however, the error of those who say that the Godhead is one Person only, because the Son is the arm of the Father,…

Augustine · 4th century
Read all 13 entries in the readerCatena Aurea · St. Thomas Aquinas, tr. J. H. Newman · public domain
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John 12:39 — Community Reflections | HolyStudy