The same law applies both to the native-born and to the foreigner residing among you. One law — one standard — native and foreigner alike. Leviticus 24:22 repeats the same principle: you are to have the same law for the foreigner and the native-born. The revolutionary character of this principle in the ancient world cannot be overstated: most ancient legal systems operated on the basis of ethnicity and class; the Torah insists on uniform application. Romans 3:22–23 declares the same equivalence for the new covenant: there is no difference between Jew and Gentile — the same Lord is Lord of all and richly blesses all who call on him, for everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. One law, one Lord, one covenant table: the theological DNA of Paul's universalism is present in Exodus 12:49.

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