ACTS 19:9 — KING JAMES VERSION 0
“But when divers were hardened, and believed not, but spake evil of that way before the multitude, he departed from them, and separated the disciples, disputing daily in the school of one Tyrannus.”
But some of them became obstinate (skepthēmi, to be hardened or stubborn); they refused to believe and publicly maligned the Way — Before the crowd, he left the synagogue and took the disciples with him, arguing daily in the lecture hall of Tyrannus — The obstinate resistance (hardening of hearts) forces the pivot: Paul withdraws formal synagogue space, establishing independent teaching venue. The 'Way' (hē hodos) denotes early Christian self-identification.
Church Fathers on Acts 19:9
(a) See him in every place forcing his way into the synagogue, and in this manner departing thence. For in every place, he wished to have the occasion given him by them. (c) He wished to separate the disciples thence, and to have the beginning for ceasing to assemble with them, given by (the Jews) themselves. And it was not for nothing that he did this (b) which I have said. He was henceforth provoking them to jealousy. For both the Gentiles readily received him, and the…
Nicene & Post-Nicene / Ante-Nicene Fathers translations · public domain
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