During his reign, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and Jehoiakim became his vassal for three years; then he turned and rebelled against him — Jehoiakim's reign transitions from Egyptian to Babylonian vassalage. Nebuchadnezzar (נְבוּכַדְנֶּצַּר, *Nevuchadnetzar*), Babylon's great king, emerges as the dominant power, replacing Egypt's hegemon. Jehoiakim's rebellion after three years of tributary vassalage indicates his inability to sustain submission to imperial demands. This rebellion precipitates the Babylonian siege and conquest.

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