Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame and to the shame of your mother's nakedness? — Saul's *ha'lo yadata ki Bcharta et ben Yishai le'boshetcha u'lushetat imedcha* reframes Jonathan's covenant loyalty as a choice that shames himself and his mother. The *libusha*, to shame, suggests sexual dishonor, the language implying that Jonathan's loyalty to David is somehow sexually transgressive or perverted. The reference to *imedcha*, your mother's nakedness, is particularly crude, invoking sexual violation language.

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