And there was trembling in the host, in the field, and among all the people: the garrison, and the spoilers, also trembled, and the earth quaked — Jonathan's sudden, audacious attack causes panic throughout the Philistine force. The description of trembling ('raash, trembling or quaking') and the earth quaking ('va-tirgaz ha-aretz) suggests both literal vibrations and psychological terror spreading through the enemy. so it was a very great trembling — the panic becomes so overwhelming that the entire Philistine army is affected.

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